Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which organ is responsible for both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Which organ is responsible for both endocrine and exocrine functions?
- Spleen
- Liver
- Kidney
- Pancreas (correct)
The portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to which organ?
The portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to which organ?
- Lungs
- Kidneys
- Heart
- Liver (correct)
Which artery supplies blood to the stomach, spleen, liver, and pancreas?
Which artery supplies blood to the stomach, spleen, liver, and pancreas?
- Aorta
- Inferior mesenteric artery
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Coeliac trunk (correct)
The spleen is primarily involved in:
The spleen is primarily involved in:
Which vessel drains blood from the spleen and carries it to the liver?
Which vessel drains blood from the spleen and carries it to the liver?
Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the pancreas?
Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the pancreas?
What is the main function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
What is the main function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
Which artery supplies blood to the small intestine and part of the large intestine?
Which artery supplies blood to the small intestine and part of the large intestine?
Which of the following is not a characteristic part of the anal canal?
Which of the following is not a characteristic part of the anal canal?
Which of the following is not in contact with the spleen?
Which of the following is not in contact with the spleen?
Which structure is closely related to the rectouterine pouch of Douglas?
Which structure is closely related to the rectouterine pouch of Douglas?
What artery supplies the perineum?
What artery supplies the perineum?
Which structure derives the tunica vaginalis of the testis?
Which structure derives the tunica vaginalis of the testis?
Which of the following arteries is not a branch of the internal iliac artery?
Which of the following arteries is not a branch of the internal iliac artery?
What is the name of the structure representing the lower border of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath?
What is the name of the structure representing the lower border of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath?
In which level are the anastomoses between the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery found?
In which level are the anastomoses between the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery found?
Which of the following parts of the male urethra is the narrowest?
Which of the following parts of the male urethra is the narrowest?
Which of the following structures is closely related to the rectouterine pouch of Douglas?
Which of the following structures is closely related to the rectouterine pouch of Douglas?
Where are the bulbourethral glands located?
Where are the bulbourethral glands located?
Which statement about the rectum is not true?
Which statement about the rectum is not true?
Where is the geniculate ganglion located?
Where is the geniculate ganglion located?
What is the name of the structure that represents the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
What is the name of the structure that represents the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Which of the following structures does not contain portocaval anastomoses?
Which of the following structures does not contain portocaval anastomoses?
Which vein is not a tributary of the inferior vena cava?
Which vein is not a tributary of the inferior vena cava?
Which nerve innervates the skin of the tip of the nose?
Which nerve innervates the skin of the tip of the nose?
Which of the following arteries gives rise to the ovarian artery?
Which of the following arteries gives rise to the ovarian artery?
Which of the following structures does not lie within the internal ear?
Which of the following structures does not lie within the internal ear?
Which of the following is NOT in contact with the spleen?
Which of the following is NOT in contact with the spleen?
Which part of the male urethra is the narrowest?
Which part of the male urethra is the narrowest?
The posterior chamber of the eyeball is located between which structures?
The posterior chamber of the eyeball is located between which structures?
From which structure does the tunica vaginalis of the testis derive?
From which structure does the tunica vaginalis of the testis derive?
What structure do the superior hypoglossal arteries break up into at the anterior lobe of the hypophysis?
What structure do the superior hypoglossal arteries break up into at the anterior lobe of the hypophysis?
Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the internal iliac artery?
Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the internal iliac artery?
Which statement is false concerning the main bronchi?
Which statement is false concerning the main bronchi?
Which of the following structures passes through the diaphragm via the sternocostal space?
Which of the following structures passes through the diaphragm via the sternocostal space?
Which artery's blockage would most likely lead to damage at the apex of the heart?
Which artery's blockage would most likely lead to damage at the apex of the heart?
A stethoscope placed over the right second intercostal space just lateral to the sternum would best detect sounds associated with which heart valve?
A stethoscope placed over the right second intercostal space just lateral to the sternum would best detect sounds associated with which heart valve?
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Study Notes
Pancreas
- The pancreas is the only organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
- Endocrine glands are those that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
- Exocrine glands are those that secrete substances through ducts.
Spleen
- The spleen is responsible for:
- Blood filtration
- Immune function
Superior Mesenteric Artery
- The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to:
- The majority of the small intestine
- Part of the large intestine
Coeliac Trunk
- The coeliac trunk is a major blood vessel that branches directly off the aorta.
- The coeliac trunk supplies blood to:
- The stomach
- The spleen
- The liver
- The pancreas
Portal Vein
- The portal vein is responsible for carrying blood from the digestive organs to the liver.
Hormones of the Pancreas
- The pancreas is responsible for the production of several hormones, including:
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Somatostatin
- Aldosterone is produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas.
Red Pulp of the Spleen
- The spleen is composed of two types of tissue:
- White pulp - functions primarily in immune response
- Red pulp - functions primarily in blood filtration
Splenic Vein
- The splenic vein carries blood from the spleen to the liver
Left Atrioventricular Valve
- Also called the mitral valve.
- It allows oxygenated blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
- Open during ventricle systole.
Superior Thoracic Aperture
- The superior thoracic aperture is the opening at the top of the thorax, the region between the neck and the abdomen. It is formed by the first rib, the first thoracic vertebra, and the manubrium of the sternum.
- The following structures pass through here:
- Right and left common carotid artery
- Left and right subclavian veins
- Left and right subclavian arteries
- Left and right vagus nerves
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- Thoracic duct (largest lymphatic vessel)
Coeliac Trunk and Superior Mesenteric Artery
- Anastomoses between these arterial branches occur at the pyloric part of the stomach.
Geniculate Ganglion
- Located inside the facial canal.
Lingual Papillae
- Foliate papillae are located along the lateral sides of the tongue body.
- Vallate papillae are located at the back of the tongue. The median sulcus divides the vallate papillae and the lingual tonsil.
- Lingual papillae are located on the dorsal surface of the tongue, not the inferior surface.
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