Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of tissue comprises bone?
What type of tissue comprises bone?
Osseous tissue
What is the anatomical term for shaft?
What is the anatomical term for shaft?
Diaphysis
What is the anatomical term for the bone ends?
What is the anatomical term for the bone ends?
Epiphysis
What are other names for spongy bone?
What are other names for spongy bone?
What are other names for compact bone?
What are other names for compact bone?
What region of bone is found between diaphysis and epiphysis?
What region of bone is found between diaphysis and epiphysis?
A bone is covered on the outside by what?
A bone is covered on the outside by what?
What secures periosteum to bone?
What secures periosteum to bone?
A bone is lined on the inside by what?
A bone is lined on the inside by what?
What types of cells do you find in the periosteal and endosteal layers?
What types of cells do you find in the periosteal and endosteal layers?
What is the term for a mature bone cell and where does it 'live'?
What is the term for a mature bone cell and where does it 'live'?
What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?
What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?
What is diploe and where do you find it?
What is diploe and where do you find it?
What do you call the 'onion type' layers of calcified matrix?
What do you call the 'onion type' layers of calcified matrix?
Lacunae are connected via little canals called what?
Lacunae are connected via little canals called what?
Spongy bone contains 'spicules' in a network. What are the names for these spicules?
Spongy bone contains 'spicules' in a network. What are the names for these spicules?
These cells dissolve bony matrix.
These cells dissolve bony matrix.
What is released into the bloodstream when the bony matrix is resorbed?
What is released into the bloodstream when the bony matrix is resorbed?
These cells synthesize or make the matrix.
These cells synthesize or make the matrix.
What begins with the formation of a hyaline cartilage model that is ultimately replaced by bone?
What begins with the formation of a hyaline cartilage model that is ultimately replaced by bone?
Bone diameter increases through what type of growth?
Bone diameter increases through what type of growth?
What is the other name for longitudinal growth?
What is the other name for longitudinal growth?
Which region in a bone is responsible for longitudinal growth?
Which region in a bone is responsible for longitudinal growth?
Normal aging and loss of bone density is called what?
Normal aging and loss of bone density is called what?
Pathological loss of bone over a lifetime that decreases bone density is called what?
Pathological loss of bone over a lifetime that decreases bone density is called what?
What could happen during CPR if you are not careful to avoid this part during chest compressions?
What could happen during CPR if you are not careful to avoid this part during chest compressions?
The movement of raising the arm laterally is called what?
The movement of raising the arm laterally is called what?
The movement of returning the arm to the body from its laterally raised position is called what?
The movement of returning the arm to the body from its laterally raised position is called what?
The movement of bending the elbow is called what?
The movement of bending the elbow is called what?
The movement of returning the bent elbow to anatomical position is called what?
The movement of returning the bent elbow to anatomical position is called what?
The movement of bending the neck backwards to touch the back is called what?
The movement of bending the neck backwards to touch the back is called what?
What is the term for all movements combined in a circular motion?
What is the term for all movements combined in a circular motion?
What happens during flexion?
What happens during flexion?
What happens during extension?
What happens during extension?
What happens during hyperextension?
What happens during hyperextension?
What is lateral flexion?
What is lateral flexion?
What is abduction?
What is abduction?
What is adduction?
What is adduction?
What is circumduction?
What is circumduction?
What is lateral rotation?
What is lateral rotation?
What is medial rotation?
What is medial rotation?
What is pronation?
What is pronation?
What is supination?
What is supination?
What is depression?
What is depression?
What is elevation?
What is elevation?
What is dorsiflexion?
What is dorsiflexion?
What is plantar flexion?
What is plantar flexion?
What is inversion?
What is inversion?
What is eversion?
What is eversion?
What is protraction?
What is protraction?
What is retraction?
What is retraction?
What is an immovable joint?
What is an immovable joint?
What is a slightly immovable joint?
What is a slightly immovable joint?
What is a freely movable joint?
What is a freely movable joint?
What is the palm front position called?
What is the palm front position called?
What is the palm down position called?
What is the palm down position called?
What is the pointing toes position called?
What is the pointing toes position called?
In adults, skeletal bones store energy reserves as lipids in this area.
In adults, skeletal bones store energy reserves as lipids in this area.
This region of a bone is hematopoietic, aka makes blood cells.
This region of a bone is hematopoietic, aka makes blood cells.
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
Which cells are derived from osteoprogenitor cells?
Which cells are derived from osteoprogenitor cells?
Where do you find concentric lamellae vs interstitial lamellae?
Where do you find concentric lamellae vs interstitial lamellae?
Flashcards
Diaphysis
Diaphysis
The shaft of a bone, the long and typically cylindrical portion.
Epiphysis
Epiphysis
The ends of a bone, responsible for articulation with other bones.
Metaphysis
Metaphysis
The region where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis, a site of growth in young bones.
Spongy bone
Spongy bone
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Compact bone
Compact bone
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Periosteum
Periosteum
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Endosteum
Endosteum
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Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
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Osteocytes
Osteocytes
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Osteon
Osteon
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Lacunae
Lacunae
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Canaliculi
Canaliculi
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Trabeculae
Trabeculae
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Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts
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Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
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Endochondral ossification
Endochondral ossification
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Appositional growth
Appositional growth
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Interstitial growth
Interstitial growth
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Osteopenia
Osteopenia
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
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Abduction
Abduction
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Adduction
Adduction
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Flexion
Flexion
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Extension
Extension
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Hyperextension
Hyperextension
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Circumduction
Circumduction
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Synarthrosis
Synarthrosis
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Amphiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
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Diarthrosis
Diarthrosis
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Energy reserve area
Energy reserve area
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Hematopoietic region
Hematopoietic region
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Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
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Concentric lamellae
Concentric lamellae
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Interstitial lamellae
Interstitial lamellae
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Study Notes
Bone Structure and Tissue
- Bone is comprised of osseous tissue.
- The shaft of a bone is referred to as the diaphysis.
- The ends of a bone are called the epiphysis.
- Spongy bone is also known as cancellous or trabecular bone.
- Compact bone is alternatively referred to as dense or cortical bone.
Bone Regions and Coverings
- The metaphysis is the region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
- Bones are covered on the outside by the periosteum, which is secured to the bone by perforating fibers.
- The inside of the bone is lined by the endosteum.
Bone Cells and Functional Units
- Osteoprogenitor cells, located in the periosteal and endosteal layers, are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells that reside in lacunae.
- The basic functional unit of compact bone is called osteons.
- Lacunae are interconnected by canaliculi.
- Spongy bone contains trabeculae, which are the network of spicules.
Bone Formation and Resorption
- Osteoclasts are cells involved in dissolving the bony matrix, releasing calcium and phosphate ions into the bloodstream.
- Osteocytes are responsible for synthesizing or creating the bony matrix.
- Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a hyaline cartilage model, which is eventually replaced by bone.
Bone Growth and Health
- Appositional growth increases bone diameter.
- Interstitial growth refers to longitudinal bone growth, occurring at the epiphyseal plate.
- Osteopenia is the normal aging process marked by loss of bone density.
- Osteoporosis is a pathological condition characterized by significant bone density loss over time.
Joint Movements
- Abduction: Raising the arm laterally.
- Adduction: Returning the arm to the body.
- Flexion: Bending the elbow.
- Extension: Returning the bent elbow to anatomical position.
- Hyperextension: Bending the neck backward beyond its normal range.
- Circumduction: Movement combining all directions into a circular motion.
Ranges of Motion for Movements
- Flexion: Decreases angle between bones.
- Extension: Increases angle between bones.
- Lateral flexion: Trunk moves laterally.
- Rotation movements:
- Lateral rotation: Turns bone anterior surface laterally.
- Medial rotation: Turns bone anterior surface medially.
- Pronation: Medial rotation of forearm, palm facing down.
- Supination: Lateral rotation of forearm, palm facing up.
- Elevation/Depression: Movement of body part superiorly/inferiorly.
- Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion: Movements of the ankle joint.
Joint Types
- Synarthrosis: Immovable joint (e.g., cartilaginous joints).
- Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joint (e.g., fibrous joints).
- Diarthrosis: Freely movable joint (e.g., synovial joints).
Bone Marrow and Energy Storage
- Yellow bone marrow is the energy reserve area storing lipids in adult skeletal bones.
- Bone marrow is a hematopoietic region, responsible for producing blood cells.
Osteoprogenitor Cells and Lamellae
- Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate to form osteoblasts and play a crucial role in bone repair.
- Concentric lamellae are found within osteons, while interstitial lamellae occupy spaces between osteons in compact bone.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the bones and tissue types in this Human Anatomy Osteology quiz. Questions cover key terms such as diaphysis, epiphysis, spongy bone, and compact bone. Perfect for students learning about the skeletal system.
