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Human Anatomy Osteology Quiz
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Human Anatomy Osteology Quiz

Created by
@SociableFern3968

Questions and Answers

What type of tissue comprises bone?

Osseous tissue

What is the anatomical term for shaft?

Diaphysis

What is the anatomical term for the bone ends?

Epiphysis

What are other names for spongy bone?

<p>Trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are other names for compact bone?

<p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What region of bone is found between diaphysis and epiphysis?

<p>Metaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bone is covered on the outside by what?

<p>The periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What secures periosteum to bone?

<p>Perforating fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bone is lined on the inside by what?

<p>The endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of cells do you find in the periosteal and endosteal layers?

<p>Osteoprogenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mature bone cell and where does it 'live'?

<p>Osteocyte, lives in lacuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

<p>Osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diploe and where do you find it?

<p>Spongy bone in flat bone of skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the 'onion type' layers of calcified matrix?

<p>Osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lacunae are connected via little canals called what?

<p>Canaliculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spongy bone contains 'spicules' in a network. What are the names for these spicules?

<p>Trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

These cells dissolve bony matrix.

<p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is released into the bloodstream when the bony matrix is resorbed?

<p>Calcium and phosphate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

These cells synthesize or make the matrix.

<p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What begins with the formation of a hyaline cartilage model that is ultimately replaced by bone?

<p>Endochondral Ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone diameter increases through what type of growth?

<p>Appositional growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for longitudinal growth?

<p>Interstitial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region in a bone is responsible for longitudinal growth?

<p>The epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal aging and loss of bone density is called what?

<p>Osteopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pathological loss of bone over a lifetime that decreases bone density is called what?

<p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could happen during CPR if you are not careful to avoid this part during chest compressions?

<p>Fracture the sternum and cause the xiphoid process to break off which could injure the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of raising the arm laterally is called what?

<p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of returning the arm to the body from its laterally raised position is called what?

<p>Adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of bending the elbow is called what?

<p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of returning the bent elbow to anatomical position is called what?

<p>Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of bending the neck backwards to touch the back is called what?

<p>Hyperextension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for all movements combined in a circular motion?

<p>Circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during flexion?

<p>Decreases angle between bones; brings bones closer together</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during extension?

<p>Increases angle between bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during hyperextension?

<p>Joint extended more than 180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lateral flexion?

<p>Trunk of body moving in coronal plane laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is abduction?

<p>Lateral movement of body part away from midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adduction?

<p>Medial movement of body part toward midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is circumduction?

<p>Body part moving in a circle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lateral rotation?

<p>Turns anterior surface of bone laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is medial rotation?

<p>Turns anterior surface of bone medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pronation?

<p>Medial rotation of forearm so palm of hand posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is supination?

<p>Lateral rotation of forearm so palm of hand anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is depression?

<p>Inferior movement of a body part</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is elevation?

<p>Superior movement of a body part</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion?

<p>Only ankle joint, digging in your heels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plantar flexion?

<p>Pointing toes down</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inversion?

<p>Soles turn medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eversion?

<p>Soles turn laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is protraction?

<p>Pushing jaw out</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is retraction?

<p>Pulling jaw in</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an immovable joint?

<p>Cartilaginous joints/synarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a slightly immovable joint?

<p>Fibrous joints/amphiarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a freely movable joint?

<p>Synovial joints/diathrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the palm front position called?

<p>Supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the palm down position called?

<p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pointing toes position called?

<p>Plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adults, skeletal bones store energy reserves as lipids in this area.

<p>Yellow bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

This region of a bone is hematopoietic, aka makes blood cells.

<p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

<p>Bone stem cells, found on the innermost layer of the periosteum and the inner lining of the endosteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are derived from osteoprogenitor cells?

<p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you find concentric lamellae vs interstitial lamellae?

<p>Concentric lamellae are found within individual osteons in compact bone, and interstitial lamellae are located in the spaces between these osteons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Tissue

  • Bone is comprised of osseous tissue.
  • The shaft of a bone is referred to as the diaphysis.
  • The ends of a bone are called the epiphysis.
  • Spongy bone is also known as cancellous or trabecular bone.
  • Compact bone is alternatively referred to as dense or cortical bone.

Bone Regions and Coverings

  • The metaphysis is the region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
  • Bones are covered on the outside by the periosteum, which is secured to the bone by perforating fibers.
  • The inside of the bone is lined by the endosteum.

Bone Cells and Functional Units

  • Osteoprogenitor cells, located in the periosteal and endosteal layers, are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.
  • Osteocytes are mature bone cells that reside in lacunae.
  • The basic functional unit of compact bone is called osteons.
  • Lacunae are interconnected by canaliculi.
  • Spongy bone contains trabeculae, which are the network of spicules.

Bone Formation and Resorption

  • Osteoclasts are cells involved in dissolving the bony matrix, releasing calcium and phosphate ions into the bloodstream.
  • Osteocytes are responsible for synthesizing or creating the bony matrix.
  • Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a hyaline cartilage model, which is eventually replaced by bone.

Bone Growth and Health

  • Appositional growth increases bone diameter.
  • Interstitial growth refers to longitudinal bone growth, occurring at the epiphyseal plate.
  • Osteopenia is the normal aging process marked by loss of bone density.
  • Osteoporosis is a pathological condition characterized by significant bone density loss over time.

Joint Movements

  • Abduction: Raising the arm laterally.
  • Adduction: Returning the arm to the body.
  • Flexion: Bending the elbow.
  • Extension: Returning the bent elbow to anatomical position.
  • Hyperextension: Bending the neck backward beyond its normal range.
  • Circumduction: Movement combining all directions into a circular motion.

Ranges of Motion for Movements

  • Flexion: Decreases angle between bones.
  • Extension: Increases angle between bones.
  • Lateral flexion: Trunk moves laterally.
  • Rotation movements:
    • Lateral rotation: Turns bone anterior surface laterally.
    • Medial rotation: Turns bone anterior surface medially.
  • Pronation: Medial rotation of forearm, palm facing down.
  • Supination: Lateral rotation of forearm, palm facing up.
  • Elevation/Depression: Movement of body part superiorly/inferiorly.
  • Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion: Movements of the ankle joint.

Joint Types

  • Synarthrosis: Immovable joint (e.g., cartilaginous joints).
  • Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joint (e.g., fibrous joints).
  • Diarthrosis: Freely movable joint (e.g., synovial joints).

Bone Marrow and Energy Storage

  • Yellow bone marrow is the energy reserve area storing lipids in adult skeletal bones.
  • Bone marrow is a hematopoietic region, responsible for producing blood cells.

Osteoprogenitor Cells and Lamellae

  • Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate to form osteoblasts and play a crucial role in bone repair.
  • Concentric lamellae are found within osteons, while interstitial lamellae occupy spaces between osteons in compact bone.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the bones and tissue types in this Human Anatomy Osteology quiz. Questions cover key terms such as diaphysis, epiphysis, spongy bone, and compact bone. Perfect for students learning about the skeletal system.

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