Lecture 6 Heart A+P2
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Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of the ventricles that are filled passively during atrial diastole?

  • 100%
  • 50%
  • 90%
  • 70% (correct)

What is the duration of the atrial systole phase in the cardiac cycle?

  • 0.2 seconds
  • 0.4 seconds
  • 0.3 seconds
  • 0.1 seconds (correct)

What is the term for the phase when all valves are closed and the ventricles contract?

  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Ventricular ejection
  • Isovolumetric contraction (correct)

What is the formula for calculating stroke volume (SV)?

<p>SV = EDV - ESV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac output (CO) of the heart if the heart rate is 75 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 70 mL?

<p>5250 mL/min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end-diastolic volume (EDV) of the ventricles?

<p>130 mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate location of the heart in relation to the midline?

<p>2/3 to the left of the midline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart?

<p>Pericardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of inspiration on the width of the mediastinum?

<p>It narrows the mediastinum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the heart is located on the right side of the body?

<p>Dextrocardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity that contains the heart and the mediastinum?

<p>Thoracic cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of tumors on the width of the mediastinum?

<p>They make the mediastinum appear wider (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts?

<p>Preload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following increases the contractility of the heart?

<p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of blood from the ventricles can occur?

<p>Afterload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Frank-Starling law, what happens when there is a greater stretch or preload on the heart?

<p>There is a greater contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibrous pericardium?

<p>To stabilize the position of the heart and prevent overstretching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for preventing blood clots?

<p>Endocardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that affects the end-diastolic volume (EDV)?

<p>Duration of ventricular diastole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate pressure in mmHg that the right ventricle must pump against?

<p>20 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sulcus that separates the atria from the ventricles?

<p>Coronary sulcus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the papillary muscles in the ventricles?

<p>To prevent the cusps of the tricuspid valve from prolapsing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta?

<p>Aortic valve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the four pulmonary veins?

<p>Left atrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the remnant of the foramen ovale in the adult heart?

<p>Fossa ovalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the atria in the heart?

<p>To receive blood from the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the apex of the heart?

<p>Towards the left hip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of the left ventricle compared to the right ventricle?

<p>Thicker (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of blood flow in terms of pressure?

<p>From high pressure to low pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when ventricles contract?

<p>Blood flows into the arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of papillary muscles?

<p>To prevent backflow of blood into atria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?

<p>To prevent backflow of blood into ventricles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stenosis?

<p>Narrowing of the valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the SA node?

<p>To set the heart rate at about 100 beats per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the AV node?

<p>To slow the speed of travel of the action potentials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of the ECG waves?

<p>P wave, QRS wave, T wave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the P wave?

<p>0.08 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the repolarization of the ventricles represented by?

<p>T wave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular center in the Medulla Oblongata?

<p>To control heart rate and blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased body temperature on heart rate?

<p>It decreases heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Pulmonary Circulation?

<p>To pump deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the law that ensures the same volume of blood flows through each circuit in the pulmonary and systemic circulations?

<p>Starling's Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is the first to branch off the ascending aorta?

<p>Coronary Arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the coronary veins?

<p>To drain deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vessel that the coronary veins drain into?

<p>Coronary Sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in heart rate regulation?

<p>To increase heart rate and blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood flow, resulting in chest pain?

<p>Angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the blockage of the coronary arteries, resulting in damage to the heart muscle?

<p>Myocardial Infarction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

EDV = ESV =

<p>130 60</p> Signup and view all the answers

Left Coronary Artery

<p>Anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies blood to walls of ventrices Circumflex branch and supplies blood to the walls of left ventricle and atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Right Coronary Artery

<p>Posterior interventricular branch supplies blood to walls of ventricles Marginal branch - supplies blood to wall of right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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