Questions and Answers
What is the role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
Which of the following are functions of the basal ganglia?
Which part of a neuron is responsible for receiving signals?
How are neurons classified functionally?
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What is the main function of neuroglia?
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What occurs to cranial nerve fibers in the medulla oblongata?
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What is the primary role of the meninges?
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Which type of supporting cells are found in the peripheral nervous system?
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Which physiological property of neurons refers to their ability to respond to stimuli?
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What type of neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system?
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Which type of neuroglia is primarily involved in myelinating axons in the central nervous system?
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The process by which brain tissue may be compressed against the tentorium or displaced downward due to excess pressure is called what?
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Which structure of the neuron is primarily responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body?
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Which component of the central nervous system is responsible for the control of voluntary motor activity?
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What type of neuron is characterized by having multiple dendrites and one axon?
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Which protective structures cover the brain and spinal cord and provide support and nourishment?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Nervous System
- Sensory Function: Sensory receptors gather information and send it to the Central Nervous System (CNS).
- Integrative Function: Processes sensory information leading to sensations, memory formation, thoughts, and decision-making.
- Motor Function: Executes decisions by transmitting impulses to effectors (muscles or glands).
Neurons (Nerve Cells)
- Neurons are characterized by three primary physiological properties: excitability, conductivity, and secretion.
- A typical neuron consists of:
- Soma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus and organelles.
- Dendrites: Receive signals from other neurons.
- Axon: Conducts impulses away from the cell body.
Classification of Neurons
- Neurons can be categorized based on their function and structure:
-
Function:
- Sensory (afferent) neurons
- Interneurons (association neurons)
- Motor neurons
-
Structure:
- Unipolar neurons
- Bipolar neurons
- Multipolar neurons
- Anaxonic neurons
-
Function:
Neuroglia (Glial Cells)
- Six types of supportive glial cells exist in the nervous system.
-
CNS:
- Oligodendrocytes: Insulate axons
- Ependymal cells: Line ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Microglia: Act as immune defense
- Astrocytes: Support and maintain environment
-
PNS:
- Schwann cells (Neurilemmocytes): Myelinate peripheral axons
- Satellite cells: Support neuronal cell bodies in ganglia
Anatomy of the Brain
-
Basal Ganglia Functions:
- Regulates voluntary motor activities
- Controls reflex muscular activities
- Modulates muscle tone
- Involved in arousal mechanisms
Medulla Oblongata
- Contains motor fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord and sensory fibers in the opposite direction; many fibers cross at this level.
- Cranial nerves IX through XII originate from the medulla.
Protection of the Brain
- Meninges: Fibrous connective tissues that encase the brain and spinal cord, providing protection, structural support, and nourishment.
- Herniation: Caused by excess pressure in the cranial cavity, potentially compressing brain tissue against the tentorium or causing downward displacement.
Functions of the Nervous System
- Sensory Function: Sensory receptors gather information and send it to the Central Nervous System (CNS).
- Integrative Function: Processes sensory information leading to sensations, memory formation, thoughts, and decision-making.
- Motor Function: Executes decisions by transmitting impulses to effectors (muscles or glands).
Neurons (Nerve Cells)
- Neurons are characterized by three primary physiological properties: excitability, conductivity, and secretion.
- A typical neuron consists of:
- Soma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus and organelles.
- Dendrites: Receive signals from other neurons.
- Axon: Conducts impulses away from the cell body.
Classification of Neurons
- Neurons can be categorized based on their function and structure:
-
Function:
- Sensory (afferent) neurons
- Interneurons (association neurons)
- Motor neurons
-
Structure:
- Unipolar neurons
- Bipolar neurons
- Multipolar neurons
- Anaxonic neurons
-
Function:
Neuroglia (Glial Cells)
- Six types of supportive glial cells exist in the nervous system.
-
CNS:
- Oligodendrocytes: Insulate axons
- Ependymal cells: Line ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Microglia: Act as immune defense
- Astrocytes: Support and maintain environment
-
PNS:
- Schwann cells (Neurilemmocytes): Myelinate peripheral axons
- Satellite cells: Support neuronal cell bodies in ganglia
Anatomy of the Brain
-
Basal Ganglia Functions:
- Regulates voluntary motor activities
- Controls reflex muscular activities
- Modulates muscle tone
- Involved in arousal mechanisms
Medulla Oblongata
- Contains motor fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord and sensory fibers in the opposite direction; many fibers cross at this level.
- Cranial nerves IX through XII originate from the medulla.
Protection of the Brain
- Meninges: Fibrous connective tissues that encase the brain and spinal cord, providing protection, structural support, and nourishment.
- Herniation: Caused by excess pressure in the cranial cavity, potentially compressing brain tissue against the tentorium or causing downward displacement.
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Description
Dive into the functions of the nervous system with this comprehensive quiz. Explore sensory, integrative, and motor functions while understanding how the central nervous system processes information and drives actions. Perfect for students of human anatomy.
