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Aponeurosis is a type of muscle fiber.
False
A prime mover muscle can contract without the relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
False
Fixator muscles produce movement by contracting concentrically.
False
Synergist muscles always contract to produce movement.
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The nerve trunk to a muscle is purely motor.
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Smooth muscle provides the motive power for propelling contents through the lumen of tubes in the body.
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A raphe is a type of muscle fiber.
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All movements are the result of a single muscle's action.
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The epidermis is composed of dense connective tissue containing many blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
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The superficial fascia is a membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the muscles and other deep structures.
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The nails are not appendages of the skin.
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Skeletal muscles are also known as involuntary muscles.
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A skeletal muscle has only one attachment.
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The terms origin and insertion are not interchangeable for skeletal muscles.
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The fleshy part of a muscle is referred to as its tendon.
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The ends of a muscle are attached to bones, cartilage, or ligaments by muscles.
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Smooth muscle fibers in the digestive system are arranged circularly.
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Biceps femoris is a prime mover that extends the knee.
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The contraction of smooth muscle fibers is rapid and temporary.
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Cardiac muscle fibers are non-striated and do not branch with each other.
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Fibrous joints allow for a wide range of movement.
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Synovial joints are classified based on the type of muscle tissue between the bones.
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Smooth muscle fibers can contract spontaneously without any stimulation.
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In a secondary cartilaginous joint, the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thick layer of hyaline cartilage.
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The quadriceps femoris is a synergist muscle that stabilizes the carpus.
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Synovial fluid is produced by the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule.
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Ligaments are structures that connect bones to muscles.
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Bursae are found only in association with joints.
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All ligaments are unstretchable under normal conditions.
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The joint cavity is lined by the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule.
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Articular discs are found only in synovial joints.
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A bursa is a type of ligament.
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Study Notes
Skin
- Divided into two parts: epidermis (superficial) and dermis (deep)
- Epidermis is a stratified epithelium, extremely thick on palms and soles
- Dermis is composed of dense connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
- Appendages of the skin include nails, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Fasciae
- Two types: superficial and deep
- Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue) is a mixture of loose areolar and adipose tissue
- Deep fascia is a membranous layer of connective tissue investing muscles and deep structures
Muscles
Types of Muscles
- Skeletal (voluntary) muscles: produce movements of the skeleton, made up of striped muscle fibers
- Smooth muscles: found in tubes of the body, provide motive power for propelling contents
- Cardiac muscles: found in the myocardium of the heart, striated muscle fibers that branch and unite
Skeletal Muscle Action
- Prime mover: chief muscle responsible for a particular movement
- Antagonist: muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover
- Fixator: contracts isometrically to stabilize the origin of the prime mover
- Synergist: contracts to stabilize intermediate joints and prevent unwanted movements
Nerve Supply of Skeletal Muscle
- Nerve trunk to a muscle is a mixed nerve, about 60% motor and 40% sensory
Joints
- Definition: a site where two or more bones come together, whether or not movement occurs
- Classification: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints
Types of Joints
- Fibrous joints: very little movement possible, bones joined by fibrous tissue
- Cartilaginous joints: bones united by a plate of fibrocartilage, slight movement possible
- Synovial joints: bones covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, separated by a joint cavity, permits a great degree of freedom of movement
Synovial Joint Components
- Articular surfaces of the bones covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage
- Joint cavity lined by synovial membrane
- Capsule of the joint: a tough fibrous membrane protecting the synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid: a viscous fluid produced by the synovial membrane, lubricates the articular surfaces
Ligaments and Bursae
Ligaments
- A cord or band of connective tissue uniting two structures
- Two types: dense bundles of collagen fibers (unstretchable) and elastic tissues (can regain original length after stretching)
Bursae
- A lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous sac lined with a smooth membrane
- Found wherever tendons rub against bones, ligaments, or other tendons
- Commonly found close to joints, for example, the prepatellar bursa
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of human skin, including its structure and composition, focusing on the epidermis and dermis. It's a part of lecture 3 of human anatomy taught by Dr. Nibras Riyadh.
