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Questions and Answers
Aponeurosis is a type of muscle fiber.
Aponeurosis is a type of muscle fiber.
False
A prime mover muscle can contract without the relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
A prime mover muscle can contract without the relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
False
Fixator muscles produce movement by contracting concentrically.
Fixator muscles produce movement by contracting concentrically.
False
Synergist muscles always contract to produce movement.
Synergist muscles always contract to produce movement.
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The nerve trunk to a muscle is purely motor.
The nerve trunk to a muscle is purely motor.
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Smooth muscle provides the motive power for propelling contents through the lumen of tubes in the body.
Smooth muscle provides the motive power for propelling contents through the lumen of tubes in the body.
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A raphe is a type of muscle fiber.
A raphe is a type of muscle fiber.
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All movements are the result of a single muscle's action.
All movements are the result of a single muscle's action.
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The epidermis is composed of dense connective tissue containing many blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
The epidermis is composed of dense connective tissue containing many blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
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The superficial fascia is a membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the muscles and other deep structures.
The superficial fascia is a membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the muscles and other deep structures.
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The nails are not appendages of the skin.
The nails are not appendages of the skin.
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Skeletal muscles are also known as involuntary muscles.
Skeletal muscles are also known as involuntary muscles.
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A skeletal muscle has only one attachment.
A skeletal muscle has only one attachment.
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The terms origin and insertion are not interchangeable for skeletal muscles.
The terms origin and insertion are not interchangeable for skeletal muscles.
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The fleshy part of a muscle is referred to as its tendon.
The fleshy part of a muscle is referred to as its tendon.
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The ends of a muscle are attached to bones, cartilage, or ligaments by muscles.
The ends of a muscle are attached to bones, cartilage, or ligaments by muscles.
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Smooth muscle fibers in the digestive system are arranged circularly.
Smooth muscle fibers in the digestive system are arranged circularly.
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Biceps femoris is a prime mover that extends the knee.
Biceps femoris is a prime mover that extends the knee.
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The contraction of smooth muscle fibers is rapid and temporary.
The contraction of smooth muscle fibers is rapid and temporary.
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Cardiac muscle fibers are non-striated and do not branch with each other.
Cardiac muscle fibers are non-striated and do not branch with each other.
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Fibrous joints allow for a wide range of movement.
Fibrous joints allow for a wide range of movement.
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Synovial joints are classified based on the type of muscle tissue between the bones.
Synovial joints are classified based on the type of muscle tissue between the bones.
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Smooth muscle fibers can contract spontaneously without any stimulation.
Smooth muscle fibers can contract spontaneously without any stimulation.
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In a secondary cartilaginous joint, the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thick layer of hyaline cartilage.
In a secondary cartilaginous joint, the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thick layer of hyaline cartilage.
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The quadriceps femoris is a synergist muscle that stabilizes the carpus.
The quadriceps femoris is a synergist muscle that stabilizes the carpus.
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Synovial fluid is produced by the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule.
Synovial fluid is produced by the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule.
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Ligaments are structures that connect bones to muscles.
Ligaments are structures that connect bones to muscles.
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Bursae are found only in association with joints.
Bursae are found only in association with joints.
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All ligaments are unstretchable under normal conditions.
All ligaments are unstretchable under normal conditions.
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The joint cavity is lined by the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule.
The joint cavity is lined by the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule.
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Articular discs are found only in synovial joints.
Articular discs are found only in synovial joints.
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A bursa is a type of ligament.
A bursa is a type of ligament.
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Study Notes
Skin
- Divided into two parts: epidermis (superficial) and dermis (deep)
- Epidermis is a stratified epithelium, extremely thick on palms and soles
- Dermis is composed of dense connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
- Appendages of the skin include nails, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Fasciae
- Two types: superficial and deep
- Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue) is a mixture of loose areolar and adipose tissue
- Deep fascia is a membranous layer of connective tissue investing muscles and deep structures
Muscles
Types of Muscles
- Skeletal (voluntary) muscles: produce movements of the skeleton, made up of striped muscle fibers
- Smooth muscles: found in tubes of the body, provide motive power for propelling contents
- Cardiac muscles: found in the myocardium of the heart, striated muscle fibers that branch and unite
Skeletal Muscle Action
- Prime mover: chief muscle responsible for a particular movement
- Antagonist: muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover
- Fixator: contracts isometrically to stabilize the origin of the prime mover
- Synergist: contracts to stabilize intermediate joints and prevent unwanted movements
Nerve Supply of Skeletal Muscle
- Nerve trunk to a muscle is a mixed nerve, about 60% motor and 40% sensory
Joints
- Definition: a site where two or more bones come together, whether or not movement occurs
- Classification: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints
Types of Joints
- Fibrous joints: very little movement possible, bones joined by fibrous tissue
- Cartilaginous joints: bones united by a plate of fibrocartilage, slight movement possible
- Synovial joints: bones covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, separated by a joint cavity, permits a great degree of freedom of movement
Synovial Joint Components
- Articular surfaces of the bones covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage
- Joint cavity lined by synovial membrane
- Capsule of the joint: a tough fibrous membrane protecting the synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid: a viscous fluid produced by the synovial membrane, lubricates the articular surfaces
Ligaments and Bursae
Ligaments
- A cord or band of connective tissue uniting two structures
- Two types: dense bundles of collagen fibers (unstretchable) and elastic tissues (can regain original length after stretching)
Bursae
- A lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous sac lined with a smooth membrane
- Found wherever tendons rub against bones, ligaments, or other tendons
- Commonly found close to joints, for example, the prepatellar bursa
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of human skin, including its structure and composition, focusing on the epidermis and dermis. It's a part of lecture 3 of human anatomy taught by Dr. Nibras Riyadh.
