Human Anatomy: Joints Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary stabilization method for the glenohumeral joint?

Coracohumeral ligament

Glenoid labrum only

Tendons of rotator cuff muscles (correct)

Intracapsular ligaments

Which ligament is NOT mentioned as an extracapsular ligament of the hip joint?

Ischial ligament (correct)

Ischiofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Iliofemoral ligament

During initial jaw opening at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which movement occurs?

Side-to-side gliding

Hinged movement (correct)

Rotational movement

Disc sliding

What is the unclear function of the ligament of the head of the femur in humans?

Vascular supply to the femoral head Signup and view all the answers

What two joint cavities are formed by the articular disk in the temporomandibular joint?

Superior and inferior joint cavities Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for movement in two planes due to its oval articulating surfaces?

Condylar joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is primarily involved in flexion and extension, exemplified by the elbow?

Hinge joint Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is NOT an intracapsular ligament of the knee joint?

Tibial collateral ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type is described as having an insertion into a ring or sleeve, allowing for rotational movement?

Pivot joint Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the saddle joint compared to other joint types?

Offers greater freedom of movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries is common in sprains of the knee joint?

Tearing of the fibular collateral ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is allowed at the knee joint when it is partially flexed?

Slight rotation Signup and view all the answers

In the elbow joint, which ligament is specifically responsible for allowing rotation of the radius?

Annular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stabilizing factor for joints such as the shoulder and knee?

Muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about dislocations is true?

Reduced dislocations often require immediate medical attention. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint allows for rotational movement?

Ball and socket joint Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of cartilage injuries, especially in the knee?

Arthroscopic surgery may be necessary Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a sprain?

Partial tearing of ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which kind of joint is limited to gliding movements?

Nonaxial joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the stability of synovial joints?

Bone length Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type is characterized by one bone sliding over another?

Plane joint Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intercarpal Joints

Two opposing flat surfaces, allowing gliding movement.
Example: between carpal bones

Hinge Joint

Cylinder fits into a trough, allowing flexion and extension.
Example: elbow

Pivot Joint

Insertion into a ring or sleeve, allowing rotation.
Example: between atlas and dens of axis

Condylar Joint

Oval shaped, allows movement in two planes.
Example: knuckles

Saddle Joint

Resembles condylar, but saddle shape allows more freedom of movement.
Example: thumb

Ball and Socket Joint

Provides the largest range of movement.
Example: shoulder and hip joints.

Knee Joint

Allows flexion, extension, and slight rotation when partially flexed.
Contains three joints: femoropatellar, lateral tibiofemoral, and medial tibiofemoral.
Capsule is replaced by 3 broad ligaments: patellar ligament, medial and lateral patellar retinacula.
Contains 2 intracapsular ligaments: anterior and posterior cruciate.
Contains 2 menisci: medial and lateral, attached to the fibrous capsule.
Contains 2 extracapsular ligaments: fibular collateral and tibial collateral.
Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa is present.
Tearing of the tibial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments, and medial meniscus are common injuries.

Elbow Joint

Hinge joint: Allows movement through the articulation of the trochlea of the humerus with the trochlear notch on the ulna.
Stabilized by collateral ligaments.
Annular ligament enables rotation of the radius during pronation and supination.

Shoulder Joint

Glenohumeral joint: glenoid cavity is broadened by the glenoid labrum.
Glenoid cavity is only 1/3 the size of the head of the humerus.
Primarily stabilized by the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles.
The only notable ligament is the coracohumeral.

Hip Joint

Deep ball and socket joint.
Contains an intracapsular ligament: ligamentum teres, from the fovea capitis to the acetabulum
Function of the ligamentum teres is unclear. Damage to its artery may lead to arthritis of the hip joint.
Notable extracapsular ligaments include the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral.

Temporomandibular Joint

Articulation of the mandibular condyle with the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.
Stabilized by a lateral ligament.
Articular disk divides the synovial cavity into superior and inferior joint cavities.
Initial jaw opening is hinged (mandibular condyle within the temporal fossa - inferior joint cavity and inferior surface of the disc) followed by disc sliding.
Gliding occurs when the condyle moves from side to side through the superior joint cavity and the superior surface of the disk.
Animation of TMJ movements shows the articular eminence.

Bursae & Tendon Sheaths

Bags of lubricant that reduce friction.
Bursa: A sac lined with synovial membrane containing synovial fluid, found where ligaments, muscles, skin, or muscle tendons overlie and rub against bone.
Tendon sheath: An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon.

Factors Influencing Stability of Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are less stable than fibrous or cartilaginous joints.
Joint stability is influenced by:
- Articular surfaces: Shapes of articulating surfaces in many joints do not contribute to stability. Deep ball and socket joints have good shapes for stability.
- Ligaments: More ligaments equals more strength. Ligaments can only stretch 6% of their length before breaking.
- Muscle Tone: Muscle tendons crossing joints are usually the most important stabilizing factor, kept taut by muscle tone.

Common Joint Injuries

Cartilage Injuries: Most common in the knee. Cartilage has no blood supply, making self-repair a slow process. Pieces can break off and interfere with joint function - may require arthroscopic surgery.
Dislocations: Bones forced out of their normal positions at a joint. Requires reduction. Repeated dislocations may occur due to stretched joint capsules and ligaments.
Sprains: Partially torn ligaments repair slowly due to poor vascularization. Completely torn ligaments require surgery.

Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints

Can be nonaxial (gliding only), or monoaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial.
Axial refers to the three planes of the body along which movement can occur (coronal, sagittal, transverse).

Types of Synovial Joint Movements

Plane Joint: Two flat opposing surfaces, allowing gliding movement. Example: between carpal bones.
Hinge Joint: Cylinder fits into a trough, allowing flexion and extension. Example: elbow
Pivot Joint: Insertion into a ring or sleeve, allowing rotation. Example: between atlas and dens of axis
Condylar Joint: Oval shaped, allows movement in two planes. Example: knuckles
Saddle Joint: Resembles condylar, but saddle shape allows more freedom of movement. Example: thumb
Ball and Socket Joint: Provides the largest range of movement. Example: shoulder and hip joints.

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Description

Test your knowledge of human joints with this quiz covering various types, including intercarpal joints, hinge joints, and ball-and-socket joints. Explore how these joints function and their anatomical examples in the human body.