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Questions and Answers
The radial nerve is located in the spiral groove of the humerus.
The radial nerve is located in the spiral groove of the humerus.
True (A)
The medial epicondyle of the humerus provides attachment for the common extensor origin of muscles of the forearm.
The medial epicondyle of the humerus provides attachment for the common extensor origin of muscles of the forearm.
False (B)
The profunda brachii vessels are transmitted through the spiral groove of the humerus.
The profunda brachii vessels are transmitted through the spiral groove of the humerus.
True (A)
The humerus ossifies from $3$ primary centers.
The humerus ossifies from $3$ primary centers.
The coronoid fossa of the humerus houses the head of the radius in flexion of the elbow.
The coronoid fossa of the humerus houses the head of the radius in flexion of the elbow.
The flexor digitorum profundus muscle originates from the lower $\frac{1}{4}$ of the ulna's posterior border.
The flexor digitorum profundus muscle originates from the lower $\frac{1}{4}$ of the ulna's posterior border.
Both the flexor carpi ulnaris and the extensor carpi ulnaris muscles attach to the posterior border of the ulna through a strong aponeurosis.
Both the flexor carpi ulnaris and the extensor carpi ulnaris muscles attach to the posterior border of the ulna through a strong aponeurosis.
The annular ligament is attached to the radial notch of the ulna.
The annular ligament is attached to the radial notch of the ulna.
The medial epicondyle of the humerus serves as an origin for the flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator teres, and flexor pollicis longus.
The medial epicondyle of the humerus serves as an origin for the flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator teres, and flexor pollicis longus.
The supinator muscle originates from the supinator crest and the supinator fossa, which are located below the radial notch.
The supinator muscle originates from the supinator crest and the supinator fossa, which are located below the radial notch.
Flashcards
Deltoid Tuberosity
Deltoid Tuberosity
A bump on the anterolateral surface of the humerus, where the deltoid muscle attaches.
Spiral Groove
Spiral Groove
A groove on the posterior surface of the humerus that houses the radial nerve and profunda brachii vessels.
Trochlea
Trochlea
The medial articular part of the humerus that fits into the ulna at the elbow joint.
Medial Epicondyle
Medial Epicondyle
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Coronoid Fossa
Coronoid Fossa
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Accessory heads from medial margin
Accessory heads from medial margin
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Ulnar collateral ligament bands
Ulnar collateral ligament bands
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Muscles attached to olecranon process
Muscles attached to olecranon process
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Attachments to upper end of ulna
Attachments to upper end of ulna
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Muscles attached to ulna shaft
Muscles attached to ulna shaft
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Study Notes
Bones of the Upper Limb
- The upper limb comprises the shoulder girdle and three segments: the arm, forearm, and hand.
- The shoulder girdle consists of the two scapulae and two clavicles, connecting the limb to the trunk.
- The clavicles articulate anteriorly with the sternum, and the scapulae are connected posteriorly by muscles.
Clavicle Functions
- Acts as a support for the arm's movement away from the trunk.
- Transmits weight from the limb to the trunk.
- Composed of a shaft and two ends (medial and lateral).
- The lateral third is flattened, while the medial two-thirds is cylindrical.
- The superior surface is smooth and subcutaneous.
- The medial third is attached to the sternum, and the lateral third is connected to the acromion.
- The inferior surface has areas for the costoclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid and trapezoid parts, respectively).
- A groove for subclavius muscle attachment is present on the anterior surface.
- Origin and insertion points for muscles like the deltoid, pectoralis major, and trapezius are noted on different surfaces.
Scapula
- A triangular-shaped bone with three borders, three angles, and two surfaces.
- The upper border has the suprascapular notch. through which the suprascapular nerve pass.
- The medial border is attached to the vertebral column by muscles that include the levator scapulae, rhomboids minor and major, and serratus anterior.
- The lateral border is grooved by attachments from muscles like the teres minor, teres major and long head of the triceps.
- The anterior surface is the subscapular fossa.
- The posterior surface is the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae, separated by the spine of the scapula.
- The glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint.
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