Forearm

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Match the following structures with their location in the arm:

Long head of triceps brachii = Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Lateral head of triceps brachii = Shaft of the humerus Medial head of triceps brachii = Shaft of the humerus Radial nerve = Spiral groove of the humerus

Match the following descriptions with the correct term:

Layer of superficial fascia beneath the skin = Superficial fascia Sheet surrounding deep structures and muscles = Deep fascia Thicker layer segregating groups of muscles = Intermuscular septum Compartment containing triceps brachii = Extensor compartment of the arm

Match the following functions with the correct muscle action:

Powerful extensor at the elbow = Triceps brachii Slightly extends and adducts the shoulder = Long head of triceps brachii Innervates triceps as it spirals around the humerus = Radial nerve Surrounds all deep structures in the arm = Deep fascia

Match the following muscles with their respective origins:

Long head of triceps brachii origin = Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Lateral head of triceps brachii origin = Shaft of the humerus Medial head of triceps brachii origin = Shaft of the humerus Muscle covered by long and lateral heads = Medial head of triceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the triceps brachii is covered by the lateral and long heads?

Medial head Signup and view all the answers

From where does the long head of the triceps brachii originate?

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the triceps as it spirals around the humerus?

Radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the triceps brachii at the elbow joint?

Extension Signup and view all the answers

Besides extending the elbow, what additional action can the long head of the triceps brachii perform?

Extend and adduct the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What action does the radial nerve perform in the forearm?

Wrist extension Signup and view all the answers

Where does the radial nerve appear after crossing the elbow joint?

Lateral side of the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What movement occurs when the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna?

Pronation Signup and view all the answers

Which movement involves bringing the hand toward the extensor side of the forearm?

Wrist extension Signup and view all the answers

During radial deviation, in which direction does the wrist move?

Laterally, away from the body Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ulna articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint?

Trochlear notch Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the radial styloid process in the forearm?

Attachment site for tendons of muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which feature makes up the bony prominence of the elbow?

Olecranon process Signup and view all the answers

What allows for pronation and supination of the forearm?

Interosseous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anular ligament in the proximal radioulnar joint?

Enabling full rotation (pronation) around the ulna Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic presentation of a child with Nursemaid's elbow?

Holding the affected elbow close to the body with hyperpronation of the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is displaced in Nursemaid's elbow leading to pain and refusal to use the arm?

Radial head Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the articular disk distally to the proximal radioulnar joint?

Connecting the ulnar styloid to the radius Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used for reducing Nursemaid's elbow by moving the forearm into a position of maximum pronation?

Hyperpronation Signup and view all the answers

Which compartment in the forearm contains flexor and pronator muscles?

Flexor compartment Signup and view all the answers

What can happen due to trauma in the forearm causing swelling and elevation of pressure in the compartments?

Damage to structures due to blood flow impairment or nerve compression Signup and view all the answers

Which fascial layer surrounds all of the muscles in the forearm?

Deep fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the extensor compartment in the forearm?

Dorsolaterally Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the superficial forearm flexor group has a variable presence in the population?

Palmaris longus Signup and view all the answers

In what percentage of the population is the palmaris longus muscle absent?

10-15% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of surgery commonly utilizes the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle for reconstruction?

Tommy John surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the middle layer of forearm flexor muscles has an extensive origin from the common flexor tendon and the radius?

Flexor digitorum superficialis Signup and view all the answers

To which structure does the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle insert distally?

Middle phalanx Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges are present in the thumb?

Two Signup and view all the answers

In how many rows do the carpal bones exist?

Two Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is not part of the deep layer of flexor muscles in the forearm?

Flexor digitorum superficialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered the strongest supinator muscle?

Biceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

Which bones articulate with the distal row of carpals in the hand?

Metacarpals Signup and view all the answers

From where does the flexor carpi radialis muscle originate?

Medial epicondyle of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palmaris longus muscle in the forearm?

Facilitate hand and wrist movement Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle assists in flexion of the wrist joint and has its insertion at the base of the fifth metacarpal bone?

Flexor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in the forearm?

Bend the fingers and assist with gripping objects Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle provides strong flexion of the distal phalanges of all four fingers?

Flexor digitorum profundus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Flexor Pollicis Longus muscle?

Assisting in the flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint Signup and view all the answers

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve supply motor fibers to in the forearm?

Lateral three heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle functions together with the Flexor Digitorum Profundus to prevent dorsiflexion of forearm bones?

Pronator Quadratus Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the second palmar interosseous muscle involved in finger flexion?

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pronator quadratus muscle in the forearm?

Rotate the radial styloid process medially Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the flexor pollicis longus muscle pass through before ending in two long tendons running through the terminal phalanges of the thumb?

Carpal tunnel Signup and view all the answers

In addition to flexing the interphalangeal joint of the thumb, what secondary role does the flexor pollicis longus muscle play during grasp?

Stabilize the carpus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT part of the deep layer of flexor muscles in the forearm?

Flexor digitorum superficialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique function of flexor digitorum profundus among the deep flexor muscles in the forearm?

Flex the interphalangeal joint of all fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the forearm is responsible for rotating the forearm outward to face palm side up when lifting objects?

supinator Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle in the forearm?

Adduct the hand Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Palmaris Longus tendon connect to in the forearm?

Palmar aponeurosis Signup and view all the answers

In coordinated hand movements, which muscle helps bend the thumb at the distal interphalangeal joint?

Flexor Pollicis Longus Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles, including Pronator Teres and Palmaris Longus, work together to produce coordinated movements of the hand and forearm?

Superficial flexor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the skin over the palm and the radial digits in the hand?

Median nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of damage to the anterior interosseus nerve?

Weakness of thumb flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which forearm flexor muscle group receives its primary innervation from the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve?

Deep muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of weakness in pronator quadratus muscle?

Pronation with elbow extension Signup and view all the answers

Which finger movement is specifically affected by damage to the anterior interosseus nerve?

Index finger flexion Signup and view all the answers

What muscle does the ulnar nerve innervate before entering the hand?

Flexor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hand does the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

Medial side of the dorsum Signup and view all the answers

What area of the forearm is NOT supplied by the ulnar nerve?

Medial side of the forearm skin Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the medial side of the palm and one-and-a-half digits?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

What muscle does the ulnar nerve innervate that is located deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Flexor digitorum profundus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the superficial layer of extensor muscles has a branch that goes to the middle phalanx of the small digit only?

Extensor digiti minimi Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the shorter extensor muscles in the forearm?

Posterior interosseous nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the superficial layer of extensor muscles is primarily responsible for extending the wrist?

Extensor carpi radialis longus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the supinator muscle in the forearm?

Supination of the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the superficial layer of extensor muscles does not primarily extend the wrist?

Brachioradialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the deep layer of extensor muscles cross the wrist and are located under the extensor retinaculum?

Extensor pollicis brevis and longus Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by overuse of the extensor muscles that attach to the lateral epicondyle?

Tennis elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is most commonly affected by lateral epicondylitis?

Extensor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of pain in lateral epicondylitis?

Microtears of the proximal attachment of the flexor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which activity can lead to lateral epicondylitis in individuals, other than tennis players?

Typing on a keyboard Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the forearm is primarily responsible for extending the wrist joint in radial deviation?

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific role of the extensor digitorum muscle in the forearm?

Extension of the fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the extensor digitorum muscle extends the thumb?

Intermediate part Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm extends from the radius to the little finger?

Extensor Digiti Minimi Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the brachioradialis muscle in the forearm?

Flexion of the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris muscle in the forearm?

Extends the wrist with ulnar deviation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Extensor Indicis muscle in the forearm?

Extend the index finger Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle inserts onto the styloid process of the ulna and the base of the fifth metacarpal bone?

Extensor Capri Ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

Innervates skin on the dorsum of the hand Signup and view all the answers

Where does the deep branch of the radial nerve continue after piercing the supinator muscle?

Continues as the posterior interosseous nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are branches of the radial nerve that arise proximal to the elbow?

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm and posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the musculocutaneous nerve appear as in the forearm?

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the radial nerve after crossing the elbow?

Divides into efferent and afferent branches Signup and view all the answers

Which artery can be palpated quite easily next to the flexor carpi radialis tendon?

Radial artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery gives rise to the anterior interosseous artery and penetrates the interosseous membrane to reach the dorsum of the forearm?

Ulnar artery Signup and view all the answers

What muscle creates the frame for the anatomical snuff box?

Extensor pollicis longus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve runs superficially over the anatomical snuff box?

Radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What bone forms the floor of the anatomical snuff box and is palpable?

Scaphoid bone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction in the hand?

Saddle joint Signup and view all the answers

What structure inserts on the phalanges through a mechanism described as the extensor hood?

Central and lateral bands of extensor tendons Signup and view all the answers

What allows the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb to have greater mobility compared to other joints?

Saddle-shaped structure Signup and view all the answers

Which joint in the hand is primarily between the radius and the scaphoid and lunate bones?

Radiocarpal joint Signup and view all the answers

Forearm

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Questions and Answers

Match the following structures with their location in the arm:

Match the following descriptions with the correct term:

Match the following functions with the correct muscle action:

Match the following muscles with their respective origins:

Which part of the triceps brachii is covered by the lateral and long heads?

From where does the long head of the triceps brachii originate?

Which nerve innervates the triceps as it spirals around the humerus?

What is the main function of the triceps brachii at the elbow joint?

Besides extending the elbow, what additional action can the long head of the triceps brachii perform?

What action does the radial nerve perform in the forearm?

Where does the radial nerve appear after crossing the elbow joint?

What movement occurs when the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna?

Which movement involves bringing the hand toward the extensor side of the forearm?

During radial deviation, in which direction does the wrist move?

Which part of the ulna articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint?

What is the function of the radial styloid process in the forearm?

Which feature makes up the bony prominence of the elbow?

What allows for pronation and supination of the forearm?

What is the function of the anular ligament in the proximal radioulnar joint?

What is the characteristic presentation of a child with Nursemaid's elbow?

Which structure is displaced in Nursemaid's elbow leading to pain and refusal to use the arm?

What is the purpose of the articular disk distally to the proximal radioulnar joint?

Which technique is used for reducing Nursemaid's elbow by moving the forearm into a position of maximum pronation?

Which compartment in the forearm contains flexor and pronator muscles?

What can happen due to trauma in the forearm causing swelling and elevation of pressure in the compartments?

Which fascial layer surrounds all of the muscles in the forearm?

What is the location of the extensor compartment in the forearm?

Which muscle in the superficial forearm flexor group has a variable presence in the population?

In what percentage of the population is the palmaris longus muscle absent?

Which type of surgery commonly utilizes the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle for reconstruction?

Which muscle in the middle layer of forearm flexor muscles has an extensive origin from the common flexor tendon and the radius?

To which structure does the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle insert distally?

How many phalanges are present in the thumb?

In how many rows do the carpal bones exist?

Which muscle is not part of the deep layer of flexor muscles in the forearm?

Which muscle is considered the strongest supinator muscle?

Which bones articulate with the distal row of carpals in the hand?

From where does the flexor carpi radialis muscle originate?

What is the primary function of the palmaris longus muscle in the forearm?

Which muscle assists in flexion of the wrist joint and has its insertion at the base of the fifth metacarpal bone?

What is the specific function of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in the forearm?

Which muscle provides strong flexion of the distal phalanges of all four fingers?

What is the main function of the Flexor Pollicis Longus muscle?

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve supply motor fibers to in the forearm?

Which muscle functions together with the Flexor Digitorum Profundus to prevent dorsiflexion of forearm bones?

What is another name for the second palmar interosseous muscle involved in finger flexion?

What is the main function of the pronator quadratus muscle in the forearm?

Which structure does the flexor pollicis longus muscle pass through before ending in two long tendons running through the terminal phalanges of the thumb?

In addition to flexing the interphalangeal joint of the thumb, what secondary role does the flexor pollicis longus muscle play during grasp?

Which muscle is NOT part of the deep layer of flexor muscles in the forearm?

What is the unique function of flexor digitorum profundus among the deep flexor muscles in the forearm?

Which muscle in the forearm is responsible for rotating the forearm outward to face palm side up when lifting objects?

What is the primary function of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle in the forearm?

Where does the Palmaris Longus tendon connect to in the forearm?

In coordinated hand movements, which muscle helps bend the thumb at the distal interphalangeal joint?

Which group of muscles, including Pronator Teres and Palmaris Longus, work together to produce coordinated movements of the hand and forearm?

Which nerve supplies the skin over the palm and the radial digits in the hand?

What is a common presentation of damage to the anterior interosseus nerve?

Which forearm flexor muscle group receives its primary innervation from the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve?

What is a characteristic sign of weakness in pronator quadratus muscle?

Which finger movement is specifically affected by damage to the anterior interosseus nerve?

What muscle does the ulnar nerve innervate before entering the hand?

Which part of the hand does the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

What area of the forearm is NOT supplied by the ulnar nerve?

Which nerve supplies the medial side of the palm and one-and-a-half digits?

What muscle does the ulnar nerve innervate that is located deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Which muscle in the superficial layer of extensor muscles has a branch that goes to the middle phalanx of the small digit only?

Which nerve innervates the shorter extensor muscles in the forearm?

Which muscle in the superficial layer of extensor muscles is primarily responsible for extending the wrist?

What is the main function of the supinator muscle in the forearm?

Which muscle in the superficial layer of extensor muscles does not primarily extend the wrist?

Which muscles in the deep layer of extensor muscles cross the wrist and are located under the extensor retinaculum?

What condition is caused by overuse of the extensor muscles that attach to the lateral epicondyle?

Which muscle is most commonly affected by lateral epicondylitis?

What is the primary etiology of pain in lateral epicondylitis?

Which activity can lead to lateral epicondylitis in individuals, other than tennis players?