Objective 2

<p>Hydrostatic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid volume deficit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperphosphatemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oncotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotonic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperparathyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypomagnesemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotonic fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decrease sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in hydrostatic and oncotic pressures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased urine output and concentrated urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bounding pulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.45% NaCl (Half Normal Saline) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering a hypotonic solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bananas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive potassium intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diuretics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypocalcemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypernatremia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diuretics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyponatremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperkalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH is abnormal, and the levels of CO₂ and HCO₃⁻ are abnormal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excreting or reabsorbing H⁺ and HCO₃⁻ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive use of antacids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To replace fluids lost through vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain and swelling at the IV site, potentially leading to tissue damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeping the IV site clean and dry, and checking for signs of inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Movement of ions across a membrane from low to high concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

A measure of nitrogen in blood from urea, used to assess kidney function.

Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.

Substances that maintain pH balance by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Condition of decreased fluid volume in the body, often due to dehydration or blood loss.

Condition of increased fluid volume in the body, often due to heart failure or kidney disease.

Elevated sodium levels in the blood, often due to dehydration or excessive salt intake.

Low sodium levels in the blood, often due to excessive water intake or loss of sodium.

Low potassium levels in the blood caused by diuretics or loss through vomiting/diarrhea.

Elevated calcium levels in the blood, often due to hyperparathyroidism or malignancy.

Low calcium levels in the blood, typically from hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency.

Elevated phosphate levels in the blood, often due to kidney failure or excessive intake.

A decrease in blood plasma volume due to dehydration or blood loss.

The accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces, causing swelling.

The space between cells in tissue, filled with interstitial fluid.

The movement of water across a membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Normal distribution of body fluids within the compartments.

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces, known as edema.

Fluid accumulation in areas where it cannot be easily exchanged, like ascites.

Fluid contained within epithelial-lined spaces such as CSF, pleural fluid, and synovial fluid.

Condition characterized by dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and low urine output.

Excessive fluid in the body, leading to edema, weight gain, and shortness of breath.

Hormone that increases sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys, raising blood volume.

IV fluids that have the same osmotic pressure as body fluids, used to treat dehydration.

pH is abnormal, with both CO₂ and HCO₃⁻ being abnormal.

pH is normal, but CO₂ and HCO₃⁻ are both abnormal.

Condition caused by hypoventilation, leading to CO₂ retention.

Condition caused by hyperventilation resulting in CO₂ loss.

Condition due to acid accumulation or bicarbonate loss.

Condition due to bicarbonate accumulation or acid loss.

Solution with large molecules; does not cross membranes, expands plasma volume.

Solution with small molecules; passes through membranes for fluid replacement.

Fluids with higher osmolarity than blood, drawing water out of cells.

Fluids with lower osmolarity than blood, causing water to enter cells.

A state with dry mucous membranes, reduced skin turgor, and low urine output.

A state with edema, weight gain, and hypertension due to excess fluids.

Examples include red meat, beans, and spinach; vital for blood health.

Caused by dehydration, excessive salt intake, and some medications.

Caused by excessive water intake, diuretics, and heart failure.

High magnesium levels in the blood, often due to kidney failure.

Low magnesium levels in the blood, often due to malnutrition or alcoholism.

Loss of body fluids often leading to electrolyte imbalances like hypernatremia.

Strategies to address electrolyte imbalances include hydration and dietary modifications.