Human Anatomy Chapter 11 Flashcards

Respiratory Conditions and Terminology

• Apnea: A temporary cessation of breathing; sleep apnea occurs when this lasts over 10 seconds and happens 30 times or more within 7 hours.
• Aspiration: The act of pulling in substances (food or liquid) into the respiratory system via suction.
• Atelectasis: Partial collapse of alveolus, reducing surface area for gas exchange; signifies imperfect lung dilation.
• Bronchiectasis: Chronic dilation of bronchus, often leading to infection, primarily affecting the lung's lower regions.
• Croup: An acute respiratory disease marked by laryngeal obstruction, presenting with a barking cough, dyspnea, and stridor.
• Cyanosis: A condition where skin, nails, or mucous membranes exhibit a bluish or grayish tint due to oxygen deficiency in the blood.
• Cystic Fibrosis: An inherited disorder causing progressive disability and early mortality; characterized by pancreatic cysts and scarring.
• Dyspnea: Difficulty in breathing, can arise from various respiratory issues.
• Emphysema: A chronic pulmonary disease where alveolar damage leads to difficulty in exhaling; primarily results from smoking.
• Epistaxis: Commonly referred to as a nosebleed, caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane.
• Eupnea: Normal, healthy breathing patterns.
• Hemoptysis: The act of coughing up blood, indicating potential underlying health issues.
• Hypernea: Excessive breathing rate, which can occur during physical exertion or in response to other stimuli.
• Hypoxia: A state of insufficient oxygen levels in the inspired air, crucial for respiratory function.
• Laryngeal: Pertaining to the larynx, fundamental in sound production and breathing.
• Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx, often causing voice changes and discomfort.
• Laryngoscope: A tool for visual examination of the larynx; the process is known as laryngoscopy.
• Laryngoscopy: An examination procedure performed using a laryngoscope.
• Pertussis: Also called whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis; characterized by severe coughing fits followed by whooping sound.
• Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx, often resulting in sore throat.
• Pneumonia: Lung inflammation resulting from infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or irritants.
• Pneumonitis: General term for lung inflammation from various causes, including infections and allergens.
• Pneumothorax: A condition where air accumulates between the chest wall and lungs, leading to lung collapse; can occur spontaneously or due to trauma.
• Pyothorax: Presence of pus in the thoracic cavity, often due to infections.
• Respiration: The biological process that supplies oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide.
• Rhinoplasty: Surgical procedure for correcting or improving the form of the nose.
• Rhinorrhea: Nasal discharge, commonly associated with allergies or infections.
• Rhinovirus: A subtype of viruses responsible for causing the common cold.
• Rhonchus: A rattling sound heard in the throat or bronchial tubes due to partial obstruction.
• Stridor: A high-pitched sound during breathing indicating a possible obstruction in the airways.
• Tachypnea: An increased respiration rate, often seen in stress or medical conditions.
• Thoracocentesis: Surgical intervention to remove fluid from the chest cavity, essential for treating pleural conditions.
• Thoracoplasty: Surgical repair procedure aimed at the thoracic wall.
• Thoracotomy: A surgical incision made into the chest wall, allowing access to the organs within the thoracic cavity.