Human Anatomy: Bones and Muscles

Bones

• Skull or Cranium: The bony structure that forms the head.
• Mandible: The lower jawbone.
• Clavicle: The collarbone.
• Scapula: The shoulder blade.
• Humerus: The upper arm bone.
• Sternum: The breastbone.
• Spine: The series of vertebrae that form the backbone.
• Ribs: The curved bones that protect the chest cavity.
• Radius: A bone in the forearm.
• Sacrum: A triangular bone at the base of the spine.
• Ulna: A bone in the forearm.
• Coccyx: The tailbone.
• Carpals: Small bones in the wrist.
• Metacarpals: Bones in the palm of the hand.
• Phalanges: The bones in the fingers and toes.
• Pelvis or Hip Bone: A group of bones that form the pelvis.
• Femur: The thigh bone.
• Patella: The kneecap.
• Fibula: A smaller lower leg bone.
• Tarsals: Small bones in the ankle.
• Tibia: The larger lower leg bone.
• Metatarsals: Bones in the foot.

Muscels

• Adductors: Muscles that draw a limb toward the midline of the body.

• Biceps Brachii: Muscle in the upper arm, responsible for bending the elbow.

• Biceps Femoris: A muscle in the thigh, involved in hip extension and knee flexion.

• Brachialis: Muscle in the upper arm, helps bend the elbow.

• Brachioradialis: Muscle in the forearm, helps bend the elbow.

• Deltoid: Muscle of shoulder, involved in abduction (lifting the arm).

• Extensors: Muscles involved in straightening or extending a limb.

• Flexors: Muscles that bend a limb.

• Gastrocnemius: Muscle of the calf, involved in plantar flexion.

• Gluteus Maximus: The largest buttock muscle, responsible for hip extension.

• Gluteus Medius: Muscle in the buttock; hip abduction and internal rotation.

• Gracilis: Muscle that helps adduct and flex the thigh.

• Hamstrings: Muscle group at the back of the thigh, involves hip extension and knee flexion.

• Infraspinatus: Muscle that is part of the rotator cuff; shoulder external rotation and abduction.

• Latissimus Dorsi: Large muscle of the back, responsible for arm extension, adduction, and medial rotation.

• Obliques: Muscles along the sides of the abdomen, involved in twisting and bending.

• Pectoralis Major: Large chest muscle, involved in arm adduction, flexion, and horizontal adduction.

• Quadriceps: Muscle group at front of the thigh, responsible for knee extension.

• Rectus Abdominis: Muscle running vertically down the abdomen, responsible for flexion of the torso.

• Rectus Femoris: Muscle of the quadriceps, involves hip flexion and knee extension.

• Sartorius: Muscle that runs diagonally across the thigh, responsible for hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation.

• Semimembranosus: Thigh muscle that helps with knee flexion and hip extension

• Semitendinosus: Thigh muscle involved in hip extension and knee flexion.

• Serratus Anterior: Muscle that helps stabilize the scapula.

• Soleus: A muscle in the calf. Responsible for plantar flexion (pointing toes).

• Sternocleidomastoid: Muscle involved in neck flexion and rotation.

• Tensor Fasciae Latae: Muscle in the thigh; hip abduction.

• Teres Major: Muscle in the back, responsible for shoulder adduction, extension, and medial rotation.

• Teres Minor: Muscle of the rotator cuff; shoulder external rotation and abduction.

• Tibialis Anterior: Muscle involved in ankle dorsiflexion and inversion.

• Trapezius: Large muscle of the upper back (neck, shoulders, back)

• Triceps Brachii: Muscle in the upper arm; elbow extension.

• Vastus Lateralis: Muscle of quadriceps; knee extension

• Vastus Medialis: Muscle of the quadriceps group, functions in extending the knee joint and stabilizing the patella.