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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a receptor in a feedback control loop?
What is the primary function of a receptor in a feedback control loop?
- To produce a response or effect that changes the condition
- To monitor changes and send messages to the control center (correct)
- To transmit information through nervous impulses or hormones
- To set the range of what the maintained balance in the body should be
What type of feedback loop occurs when the response enhances the original stimulus?
What type of feedback loop occurs when the response enhances the original stimulus?
- Positive feedback loop (correct)
- Integrated communication control system
- Feedback control loop
- Negative feedback loop
What is the anatomical position of the body?
What is the anatomical position of the body?
- Lying down
- Facing up
- Standing erect with the face directed forward (correct)
- Facing down
What is the term for a plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral halves?
What is the term for a plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral halves?
What is the term for a location that is near the midline of the body?
What is the term for a location that is near the midline of the body?
What is the term for a feedback loop in which the output of a system reduces the activity that causes that output?
What is the term for a feedback loop in which the output of a system reduces the activity that causes that output?
What is the primary focus of anatomy as a scientific discipline?
What is the primary focus of anatomy as a scientific discipline?
What is the main goal of studying human physiology?
What is the main goal of studying human physiology?
What is homeostasis?
What is homeostasis?
What is a stressor in the context of homeostasis?
What is a stressor in the context of homeostasis?
What is an example of a functional adaptation to stressors?
What is an example of a functional adaptation to stressors?
What is the relationship between the set point and the normal range of values in homeostasis?
What is the relationship between the set point and the normal range of values in homeostasis?
Flashcards
Feedback Mechanisms
Feedback Mechanisms
Physiological loops that regulate the body's internal state, either towards or away from normal.
Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
A feedback mechanism that reduces or opposes the initial stimulus.
Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback
A feedback mechanism that amplifies or enhances the initial stimulus.
Receptors
Receptors
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Control Center
Control Center
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Effectors
Effectors
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Anatomical Position
Anatomical Position
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Stressors
Stressors
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Body Planes
Body Planes
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Frontal Plane
Frontal Plane
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Anatomy
Anatomy
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Study Notes
Feedback Mechanisms
- Physiological loops regulate the body's steady state, either directing it toward or away from normalcy.
- Feedback mechanisms can be categorized into negative feedback, which diminishes the original stimulus, and positive feedback, which enhances it.
- Communication in feedback control loops occurs through nervous impulses and hormones transmitted in the blood.
Components of Feedback Control Loop
- Receptors: Monitor environmental changes and send signals to the control center via nerve impulses or chemical signals.
- Control Center: Establishes the desired range for body balance, evaluates receptor input, and generates output commands.
- Effectors: Receive outputs from the control center, executing responses that either stimulate or inhibit actions according to the center's instructions.
Anatomical Position and Directional Terms
- Anatomical Position: Standing erect, face forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
- Prone Position: Body facing down.
- Supine Position: Body facing up.
- Directional Terminology:
- Anterior: Front
- Posterior: Back
- Dorsal: Back side
- Ventral: Belly side
- Superior: Above
- Inferior: Below
- Superficial: Near the surface
- Deep: Farther from the surface
- Proximal: Closer to the main body axis
- Distal: Further from the main body axis
- Medial: Closer to the midline
- Lateral: Further from the midline
Body Planes
- Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (front) halves.
- Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: Divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) halves.
- Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right halves.
Anatomy and Physiology
- Anatomy: The study of body structures, including the shape and size of bones, and functional relationships between parts.
- Physiology: Focuses on normal functions of living systems, understanding body responses to stimuli, and maintaining internal conditions amidst external changes.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions through continuous adjustment to internal and external changes.
- Variability around set points forms a normal range, essential for proper physiological functioning.
Stressors
- Stressors are internal or external changes affecting normal bodily conditions.
- Categories of stressors include:
- Structural: Physical traits aiding survival.
- Functional: Metabolic adaptations to detected changes.
- Behavioral: Actions that enhance survival prospects.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of human anatomy and physiology. Learn about the structure and function of the human body, and how it responds to stimuli and maintains homeostasis.
