Human Anatomy and Physiology Pre-Test: Blood Components

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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is responsible for the storage of oxygen in a muscle cell?

  • Myoglobin (correct)
  • Protoporphyrin
  • Hemoglobin
  • Erythrocyte

What is the process of making red blood cells called?

  • Erythropoiesis (correct)
  • Hemostasis
  • Erythrocytosis
  • Hematopoiesis

Where are most of the red blood cells in the body produced?

  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Lymph nodes
  • Bone marrow (correct)

What leads to a sigmoidal oxygen binding curve, where oxygen binding positive cooperativity increases rapidly at higher oxygen concentrations?

<p>Increased temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas-transporting molecule consists of a protoporphyrin ring and a central iron atom?

<p>Hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for red blood cells?

<p>Erythrocyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of gas-transporting molecules like hemoglobin in the body?

<p>To provide a higher carrying capacity for gases within a manageable blood volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is diffusion alone insufficient for delivering sufficient oxygen to all tissues and removing CO2 quickly enough?

<p>Diffusion is slow and inefficient in aqueous environments like blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific benefit of hemoglobin's cooperative binding in different tissues like muscles and the brain?

<p>Allows for efficient unloading of oxygen in high-demand areas while maintaining sufficient reserves for less active tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the existence of gas-transporting molecules crucial for complex organisms like ourselves?

<p>To address fundamental limitations such as slow and inefficient diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hemoglobin in waste removal and acid-base balance?

<p>Effective removal of carbon dioxide, the waste product of cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the specific needs of tissues like muscles and the brain in terms of oxygen supply?

<p>They have much higher energy demands and therefore require a more readily available supply of oxygen compared to other tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would passive diffusion alone be far too slow to deliver sufficient oxygen to all tissues?

<p>Concentration gradients for efficient gas exchange are limited even with diffusion alone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of maintaining concentration gradients for efficient gas exchange within cell membranes?

<p>It addresses the limitations of diffusion and concentration gradients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gas-transporting molecules like hemoglobin address the limitations of diffusion and concentration gradients?

<p>By providing a higher carrying capacity for gases within a manageable blood volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is responsible for the storage of oxygen in a muscle cell?

<p>Myoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that leads to a sigmoidal oxygen binding curve, where oxygen binding positive cooperativity increases rapidly at higher oxygen concentrations?

<p>Erythropoiesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most of the red blood cells in the body produced?

<p>Bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to a decreased oxygen affinity at higher temperatures?

<p>Decrease in 2,3-DPG levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gas-transporting molecule that consists of a protoporphyrin ring and a central iron atom?

<p>Hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule makes our blood red?

<p>Hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD), hypoxia-inducible factor protein (HIF), and von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein cascade?

<p>Mediating oxygen sensing and homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is passive diffusion alone insufficient for delivering sufficient oxygen to all tissues and removing CO2 quickly enough?

<p>It requires an unrealistic volume of blood circulating at impossibly high velocities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific benefit of hemoglobin's cooperative binding in different tissues like muscles and the brain?

<p>It allows for efficient unloading of oxygen in high-demand areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the specific needs of tissues like muscles and the brain in terms of oxygen supply?

<p>They have a much higher energy demand and require a more readily available supply of oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to a sigmoidal oxygen binding curve, where oxygen binding positive cooperativity increases rapidly at higher oxygen concentrations?

<p>Hemoglobin's cooperative binding with oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for red blood cells?

<p>Erythrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the existence of gas-transporting molecules crucial for complex organisms like ourselves?

<p>Passive diffusion alone would be far too slow to deliver sufficient oxygen to all tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of maintaining concentration gradients for efficient gas exchange within cell membranes?

<p>To allow for efficient gas exchange across cell membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hemoglobin in waste removal and acid-base balance?

<p>To remove waste products like carbon dioxide from the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most of the red blood cells in the body produced?

<p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas-transporting molecule consists of a protoporphyrin ring and a central iron atom?

<p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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