Human Anatomy and Physiology Pre-Test: Blood Components
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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is responsible for the storage of oxygen in a muscle cell?

  • Myoglobin (correct)
  • Protoporphyrin
  • Hemoglobin
  • Erythrocyte

    • What is the process of making red blood cells called?

  • Erythropoiesis (correct)
  • Hemostasis
  • Erythrocytosis
  • Hematopoiesis

    • Where are most of the red blood cells in the body produced?

  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Lymph nodes
  • Bone marrow (correct)

    • What leads to a sigmoidal oxygen binding curve, where oxygen binding positive cooperativity increases rapidly at higher oxygen concentrations?

    <p>Increased temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas-transporting molecule consists of a protoporphyrin ring and a central iron atom?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for red blood cells?

    <p>Erythrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of gas-transporting molecules like hemoglobin in the body?

    <p>To provide a higher carrying capacity for gases within a manageable blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is diffusion alone insufficient for delivering sufficient oxygen to all tissues and removing CO2 quickly enough?

    <p>Diffusion is slow and inefficient in aqueous environments like blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific benefit of hemoglobin's cooperative binding in different tissues like muscles and the brain?

    <p>Allows for efficient unloading of oxygen in high-demand areas while maintaining sufficient reserves for less active tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the existence of gas-transporting molecules crucial for complex organisms like ourselves?

    <p>To address fundamental limitations such as slow and inefficient diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of hemoglobin in waste removal and acid-base balance?

    <p>Effective removal of carbon dioxide, the waste product of cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specific needs of tissues like muscles and the brain in terms of oxygen supply?

    <p>They have much higher energy demands and therefore require a more readily available supply of oxygen compared to other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would passive diffusion alone be far too slow to deliver sufficient oxygen to all tissues?

    <p>Concentration gradients for efficient gas exchange are limited even with diffusion alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintaining concentration gradients for efficient gas exchange within cell membranes?

    <p>It addresses the limitations of diffusion and concentration gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do gas-transporting molecules like hemoglobin address the limitations of diffusion and concentration gradients?

    <p>By providing a higher carrying capacity for gases within a manageable blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is responsible for the storage of oxygen in a muscle cell?

    <p>Myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that leads to a sigmoidal oxygen binding curve, where oxygen binding positive cooperativity increases rapidly at higher oxygen concentrations?

    <p>Erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most of the red blood cells in the body produced?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to a decreased oxygen affinity at higher temperatures?

    <p>Decrease in 2,3-DPG levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the gas-transporting molecule that consists of a protoporphyrin ring and a central iron atom?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule makes our blood red?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD), hypoxia-inducible factor protein (HIF), and von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein cascade?

    <p>Mediating oxygen sensing and homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is passive diffusion alone insufficient for delivering sufficient oxygen to all tissues and removing CO2 quickly enough?

    <p>It requires an unrealistic volume of blood circulating at impossibly high velocities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific benefit of hemoglobin's cooperative binding in different tissues like muscles and the brain?

    <p>It allows for efficient unloading of oxygen in high-demand areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specific needs of tissues like muscles and the brain in terms of oxygen supply?

    <p>They have a much higher energy demand and require a more readily available supply of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to a sigmoidal oxygen binding curve, where oxygen binding positive cooperativity increases rapidly at higher oxygen concentrations?

    <p>Hemoglobin's cooperative binding with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for red blood cells?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the existence of gas-transporting molecules crucial for complex organisms like ourselves?

    <p>Passive diffusion alone would be far too slow to deliver sufficient oxygen to all tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintaining concentration gradients for efficient gas exchange within cell membranes?

    <p>To allow for efficient gas exchange across cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of hemoglobin in waste removal and acid-base balance?

    <p>To remove waste products like carbon dioxide from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most of the red blood cells in the body produced?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas-transporting molecule consists of a protoporphyrin ring and a central iron atom?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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