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Questions and Answers
What is the lowest level of structural organization in living things?
What is the lowest level of structural organization in living things?
Which level of organization consists of groups of similar cells working together?
Which level of organization consists of groups of similar cells working together?
What is homeostasis defined as?
What is homeostasis defined as?
Which of the following levels comes after the cellular level in structural organization?
Which of the following levels comes after the cellular level in structural organization?
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What governs the maintenance of homeostasis in the body?
What governs the maintenance of homeostasis in the body?
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What is the primary focus of anatomy as a branch of biological science?
What is the primary focus of anatomy as a branch of biological science?
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Which subdiscipline of physiology deals with the function of the lungs?
Which subdiscipline of physiology deals with the function of the lungs?
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Which level of structural organization includes tissues and organs?
Which level of structural organization includes tissues and organs?
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What is histology primarily focused on studying?
What is histology primarily focused on studying?
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Which is NOT a subdivision of physiology?
Which is NOT a subdivision of physiology?
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Which aspect does homeostasis primarily refer to?
Which aspect does homeostasis primarily refer to?
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What does the study of pathophysiology involve?
What does the study of pathophysiology involve?
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Which describes the primary function of endocrinology?
Which describes the primary function of endocrinology?
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Study Notes
Human Anatomy and Physiology
- Human Anatomy and Physiology (HAP) is the study of the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of the human body.
- HAP involves two main principles: anatomy and physiology.
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Anatomy is the branch of science that studies the structure of the body.
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Subdivisions of Anatomy:
- Cell Biology/Cytology: Studies the structure of cells.
- Histology: Studies the structure of tissues.
- Gross Anatomy: Studies structures visible to the naked eye.
- Microscopic Anatomy: Studies very small structures.
- Systemic Anatomy: Studies specific body systems.
- Radiographic Anatomy: Studies structure with the help of x-rays.
- Pathological Anatomy: Studies structural changes associated with disease.
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Subdivisions of Anatomy:
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Physiology is the branch of science that studies the function and mechanism of different body parts.
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Subdivisions of Physiology:
- Respiratory Physiology: Studies the function of the lungs.
- Renal Physiology: Studies the function of the kidneys.
- Immunology: Studies the function of the defense mechanisms.
- Neurophysiology: Studies the function of the nervous system.
- Pathophysiology: Studies functional changes associated with disease.
- Cardiovascular Physiology: Studies the function of the heart and blood vessels.
- Endocrinology: Studies hormones and their role in body function.
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Subdivisions of Physiology:
Levels of Structural Organization
- Living things consist of several levels of structural organization:
- Chemical Level: The lowest level of organization, composed of atoms and molecules, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus.
- Cellular Level: Atoms and molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional unit of life.
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Tissue Level: Similar groups of cells combine to form tissues, which are groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. There are four basic tissue types:
- Epithelial Tissue: Covers and protects body surfaces.
- Connective Tissue: Supports and connects body parts.
- Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement.
- Nervous Tissue: Conducts impulses.
- Organ Level: Different tissue types combine to form organs, structures that perform a specific function.
- System Level: Groups of organs that work together form organ systems.
- Organism Level: The highest level of organization, a complete living being.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the ability of the human body to maintain a stable internal environment.
- This involves regulating and balancing factors such as:
- pH: The relative acidity or alkalinity of body fluids.
- Temperature: Maintaining a constant body temperature.
- Fluid and electrolyte balance: Maintaining the proper levels of water and electrolytes in the body.
- The regulation of homeostasis is governed by feedback systems.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology (HAP), focusing on the principles of anatomy and physiology. Explore various subdivisions of anatomy including cell biology, histology, and gross anatomy, as well as understanding physiological mechanisms. Test your knowledge about how the human body is structured and functions.
