Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 4: DNA and Cellular Level
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a ribosome in protein synthesis?

  • To regulate the activation of genes for protein synthesis
  • To replicate DNA prior to cell division
  • To transcribe DNA into mRNA
  • To translate mRNA into a protein sequence (correct)

    • What is the term for the sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid?

  • Codon (correct)
  • Anticodon
  • Gene
  • Exome

    • What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

  • To synthesize amino acids
  • To regulate the expression of genes
  • To carry mRNA out of the nucleus
  • To carry amino acids to the ribosome during translation (correct)

    • What is the consequence of misfolded proteins in the cell?

    <p>They are either refolded or destroyed by proteasomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of copying DNA genetic information onto a molecule of RNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events in protein synthesis?

    <p>Transcription, translation, and then folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the genetic code?

    <p>To specify the order of amino acids in a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complete set of genetic instructions for an organism?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the nucleotides of one DNA strand interact with those in the other strand?

    <p>Through weak hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of protein synthesis on the ribosomes?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

    <p>To translate messenger RNA into a specific sequence of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid in the genetic code?

    <p>Codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its 3D structure?

    <p>Protein folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the genetic code and the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

    <p>Degenerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the start codon in protein synthesis?

    <p>To initiate translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein?

    <p>Primary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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