Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system?

  • To regulate body temperature
  • To provide links from and to the world outside the body (correct)
  • To process and integrate sensory information
  • To control voluntary movements

    • What is the result of sensory receptors responding to changes in the environment?

  • Graded potentials that trigger nerve impulses (correct)
  • Conscious awareness of stimuli
  • Action potentials in the spinal cord
  • Inhibition of motor activity

    • How can sensory receptors be classified?

  • By function only
  • By their location in the central nervous system
  • By their connection to the autonomic nervous system
  • By type of stimulus, body location, and structural complexity (correct)

    • What is the part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the division of the nervous system responsible for transmitting information from the environment to the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory (afferent) division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the awareness of a stimulus and the interpretation of its meaning?

    <p>Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the energy of a stimulus is converted into a graded potential?

    <p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are examples of phasic receptors?

    <p>Receptors for pressure, touch, and smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level of neural integration do free nerve endings, muscle spindles, and joint kinesthetic receptors operate?

    <p>Receptor level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to receptor potentials during adaptation?

    <p>They decrease in frequency or stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thalamus in the somatosensory system?

    <p>To relay sensory information from the receptor to the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the change in sensitivity of a receptor in response to a constant stimulus?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region where the ventral rami, except T2–T12, form interlacing nerve networks?

    <p>Cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve branch that is smaller in size?

    <p>Dorsal ramus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of nerve roots that extend through the lower vertebral canal?

    <p>Cauda equina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction in which the spinal roots arise from the spinal cord?

    <p>Medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?

    <p>C1-C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the phrenic nerve?

    <p>To regulate breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure through which spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column?

    <p>Intervertebral foramina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of severing both phrenic nerves?

    <p>Respiratory arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the fibers within a nerve plexus?

    <p>Each branch contains fibers from several different spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of the brachial plexus?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of irritation of the phrenic nerve?

    <p>Spasms of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus?

    <p>C5-T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of precommand level neurons in the cerebellum and basal nuclei?

    <p>To regulate motor activity and coordinate movements with posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reflex is innate and rapid, and is an involuntary motor response to a stimulus?

    <p>Intrinsic reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the integration center in a reflex arc?

    <p>To integrate sensory information and generate a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of stimulus action in a reflex arc?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to the effector organ?

    <p>Motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflex is a result of practice or repetition?

    <p>Acquired reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

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