40 Questions
What is the most appropriate position of the ankle during the first phase of the gait cycle?
Neutral position
Which muscle is responsible for the first 30° of shoulder abduction?
Supraspinatus
What is the definition of the 'roll' fundamental arthokinematic movement?
Multiple points on 1 articular surface contact single points on another surface
Which muscle has the lowest work when a therapist asks the patient to rise on the toes and push the body weight directly upward?
Peroneus longus
What is the definition of the 'glide/slide' fundamental arthokinematic movement?
Multiple points on 1 articular surface contact single points on another surface
What is the name of the angle obtained by drawing a straight line across the middle of the patella and a straight line going down through the center of the tibial tuberosity and another straight line going upward toward the anterior superior iliac spine?
Q-angle
During the gait cycle, which position of the ankle is essential for efficient movement?
Neutral position
Which muscle is responsible for the majority of the knee extension?
Quadriceps
In a 68-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease, which area is most likely affected in the central nervous system?
Basal ganglia
In a 6-month-old patient with Erb's palsy, which nerve root is affected?
C5-C6
What is the most likely cause of back pain in pregnant women?
Ligamentous laxity
What is the most appropriate management for a 50-year-old patient with hot flushes, irritability, joint pain, and lack of sleep?
Hormone replacement therapy
What is the most likely cause of posterior pelvic pain associated with prolonged sitting in pregnant women?
Sacroiliac
What is the term 'spastic diplegia' used to describe?
Paralysis of 2 limbs
What is the most likely reason for Erb-Duchenne or upper arm paralysis in a 5-year-old patient?
Upper trunk
What is the grade of patient spasticity according to the Modified Ashworth scale if there is a considerable increase in muscle tone and passive movement difficulty?
3
What group of hip muscles is being stretched during an abduction exercise from the supine position?
Flexors and abductors
Which study design is considered a priority during the search?
Case-control
What is the grade of the displacement of L4 vertebra over L5 vertebra with 75% of anterior displacement?
3
What is the most important precaution during close kinematic chain training?
Knees do not move posteriorly to the toes
What is the most likely diagnosis when a patient cannot maintain their arm position after passive abduction?
Rotator cuff rupture
What is the most effective technique to prevent injury during stretching exercises?
Reduced force
According to the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), what aspect of functioning is the physical therapist looking to improve when helping a patient reach overhead?
Activity limitation
Why is exercise training and walking recommended for patients with controlled diabetes?
Increase glucose uptake by the muscles
Which heating modality is effective in destroying bacteria and fungi commonly found in wounds?
Ultraviolet ray
What exercises are most appropriate for a 62-year-old patient with osteoporosis and no fractures?
Trunk extension and abdominal stabilization
What is the characteristic of a beam of therapeutic ultrasonic waves from a transducer?
Roughly cylindrical
What is the target reduced heart rate in beats/minute for monitoring exercise intensity in a 61-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis during hydrotherapy?
35-50
What is the primary goal of referring a 40-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis to the Physical Therapy Department for pain management?
Reduce pain
What is the result of changes to quartz in an ultraviolet apparatus?
Tridymite
What is the appropriate temperature range, in Celsius, for wax therapy?
42-45°C
What is the most appropriate position to perform an abduction exercise to stretch the hip muscles?
Supine position
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with local tenderness at the ischial tuberosity and pain on resisted knee flexion?
Hamstring strain
Which spinal level is involved in a patient with sensory loss on the dorsal aspect of the foot?
L5
What is the best approach for helping a patient with chronic shoulder pain and excessive internal rotation of the shoulders and winging of the scapula during overhead motion?
Stretching of the upper trapezius and strengthening the middle and lower trapezius
What is a Milwaukee brace used for?
Scoliosis
What is the ideal position for a patient with cystic fibrosis to drain secretion from the lingula?
Side-lying on the right side
What is the most appropriate intervention to reduce hip pain in a patient with avascular necrosis of the femoral neck with an impacted fracture and a 2 cm leg-length discrepancy?
Using a shoe lift to equalize leg length
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with pain in the right buttock and thigh area, tenderness at the ischial tuberosity, and pain on resisted knee flexion?
Hamstring strain
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of scoliosis?
Muscle weakness
Study Notes
Gait Cycle
- During the first phase of the gait cycle, the ankle is in a neutral position.
Shoulder Joint
- The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for the first 30° of shoulder abduction and is also an abductor of the shoulder joint.
Arthokinematic Movements
- The "roll" fundamental arthokinematic movement occurs when multiple points on one articular surface contact single points on another surface.
- The "glide/slide" fundamental arthokinematic movement occurs when multiple points on one articular surface contact multiple points on another surface.
Muscle Function
- The soleus muscle has the lowest work when rising on the toes and pushing the body weight directly upward.
Patella and Tibial Tuberosity Alignment
- Drawing a straight line across the middle of the patella and a straight line going down through the center of the tibial tuberosity and another straight line going upward toward the anterior superior iliac spine allows for the calculation of an angle.
Study Designs
- A randomized control trial should be a priority during a search.
Spondylolisthesis
- A 75% anterior displacement of L4 vertebra over L5 vertebra is considered a grade 3 displacement.
Shoulder Diagnosis
- If a patient is unable to maintain a passively abducted position, the most likely diagnosis is supraspinatus impingement.
Function and Disability
- Improving the ability to reach overhead and groom hair is an example of improving activity limitation according to the International Classification of Functioning (ICF).
Wound Management
- Ultraviolet ray treatment can assist in destroying bacteria and fungi commonly found in wounds.
Ultrasonic Waves
- A beam of therapeutic ultrasonic waves from a transducer has a roughly cylindrical shape.
Quartz Changes
- Changes to quartz in an ultraviolet apparatus can result in the formation of tridymite.
Wax Therapy
- Wax therapy is typically performed within a temperature range of 54-60°C.
Neurological Conditions
- In Parkinson's disease, the basal ganglia are affected, leading to tremor at rest, slowness of movement, and rigidity.
Erb's Palsy
- Erb's palsy affects the C5-C6 nerve roots, leading to loss of elbow flexion power and supination of the forearm.
Low Back Pain
- Ligamentous laxity is a common cause of back pain in pregnant women.
Pediatric Conditions
- Spastic diplegia is characterized by paralysis of the legs.
Spasticity Assessment
- A Modified Ashworth scale grade of 3 indicates a considerable increase in muscle tone and difficulty with passive movement.
Hip Muscles
- The flexors and adductors are stretched during a specific exercise.
Injury Prevention
- Avoiding resistance to the distal tibia is a precaution to take during close kinematic chain training.
Stretching Exercises
- Reducing force and increasing repetitions are techniques to prevent injury during stretching exercises.
Diabetes Management
- Exercise training and walking are recommended for patients with controlled diabetes to increase glucose uptake by the muscles.
Osteoporosis Management
- Trunk rotation and abdominal stabilization exercises are appropriate for patients with osteoporosis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Management
- Hydrotherapy can be used to improve cardiovascular fitness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Pain Management
- A heart rate of 35-50 beats per minute is a target for monitoring exercise intensity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Physical Examination
- Local tenderness at the ischial tuberosity and pain on resisted knee flexion may indicate hamstrings strain.
Neurological Examination
- Sensory loss on the dorsal aspect of the foot is indicative of L5 spinal level involvement.
Shoulder Pain Management
- Strengthening the middle and lower trapezius and stretching the upper trapezius is an appropriate approach for managing chronic shoulder pain.
Orthotics
- A Milwaukee brace is used to manage scoliosis.
Respiratory Management
- A patient with cystic fibrosis should be positioned in a lateral decubitus position to drain secretion from the lingula.
Avascular Necrosis Management
- In a patient with avascular necrosis of the femoral neck, reducing hip pain can be achieved by addressing a 2 cm leg-length discrepancy.
Test your knowledge of human anatomy and movement with these questions about the gait cycle and joint motion. Identify the correct positions and muscles involved in various movements.
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