BSC2085L Anatomy-Physiology 1 Lab Quiz 2

Joint Movements

• Flexion: Decreases joint angle, typically in the sagittal plane.
• Extension: Straightens a joint, returning a body part to the zero position.
• Abduction: Movement away from the body's midline in the frontal plane.
• Adduction: Movement toward the body's midline in the frontal plane.
• Elevation: Raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane.
• Depression: Lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane.
• Protraction: Anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane.
• Retraction: Posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane.
• Rotation: Bone spins on its longitudinal axis.
• Supination: Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly.
• Pronation: Forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly.
• Opposition: Movement of the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers.
• Dorsiflexion: Foot movement elevating the toes.
• Plantar Flexion: Foot movement pointing the toes downward.
• Inversion: Foot movement tipping medially, soles facing each other.
• Eversion: Foot movement tipping laterally, soles facing away from each other.

Connective Tissue in Skeletal Muscles

• Endomysium: Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber.
• Perimysium: Thicker connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers into bundles known as fascicles.
• Epimysium: Connective tissue layer encasing the entire muscle.

Muscle Actions

• Prime Mover (Agonist): Main muscle generating force for a specific joint action (e.g., brachialis in elbow flexion).
• Synergist: Muscle aiding the prime mover; multiple synergists can yield greater power than a single larger muscle.
• Antagonist: Muscle opposing the prime mover (e.g., triceps brachii during elbow flexion when brachialis is the prime mover).
• Fixator: Muscle stabilizing a bone to maintain posture or position during movement.

Muscle Study Requirements

• Understand the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of each muscle listed in the laboratory manual.

Prepare for Quiz 2 in BSC2085L Anatomy-Physiology 1 Lab with this study guide. It covers essential movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, crucial for understanding joint actions. Review these concepts to excel in your lab assessments.