BSC2085L Anatomy-Physiology 1 Lab Quiz 2
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Questions and Answers

What is flexion?

A movement that decreases a joint angle, usually in the sagittal plane.

What is extension?

A movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position.

Define abduction.

The movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

What is adduction?

<p>The movement of a body part in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is elevation?

<p>A movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is depression?

<p>A movement that lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define protraction.

<p>The anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is retraction?

<p>The posterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rotation?

<p>A movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define supination.

<p>A movement of the forearm that turns the palm to face anteriorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pronation?

<p>A movement of the forearm that turns the palm to face posteriorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does opposition mean in anatomical terms?

<p>Moving the thumb to touch the tip of any of the other four fingers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion?

<p>A movement of the foot in which the toes are elevated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define plantar flexion.

<p>A movement of the foot so the toes point downward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inversion in foot movement?

<p>A foot movement that tips the soles medially, somewhat facing each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eversion in foot movement?

<p>A foot movement that tips the soles laterally, away from each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the endomysium?

<p>A thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is perimysium?

<p>A thicker connective tissue layer that wraps muscle fibers together in bundles called fascicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define epimysium.

<p>A connective layer that surrounds the entire muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prime mover?

<p>The muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a synergist?

<p>A muscle that aids the prime mover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define antagonist.

<p>A muscle that opposes the prime mover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fixator?

<p>A muscle that prevents a bone from moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joint Movements

  • Flexion: Decreases joint angle, typically in the sagittal plane.
  • Extension: Straightens a joint, returning a body part to the zero position.
  • Abduction: Movement away from the body's midline in the frontal plane.
  • Adduction: Movement toward the body's midline in the frontal plane.
  • Elevation: Raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane.
  • Depression: Lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane.
  • Protraction: Anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane.
  • Retraction: Posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane.
  • Rotation: Bone spins on its longitudinal axis.
  • Supination: Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly.
  • Pronation: Forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly.
  • Opposition: Movement of the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers.
  • Dorsiflexion: Foot movement elevating the toes.
  • Plantar Flexion: Foot movement pointing the toes downward.
  • Inversion: Foot movement tipping medially, soles facing each other.
  • Eversion: Foot movement tipping laterally, soles facing away from each other.

Connective Tissue in Skeletal Muscles

  • Endomysium: Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber.
  • Perimysium: Thicker connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers into bundles known as fascicles.
  • Epimysium: Connective tissue layer encasing the entire muscle.

Muscle Actions

  • Prime Mover (Agonist): Main muscle generating force for a specific joint action (e.g., brachialis in elbow flexion).
  • Synergist: Muscle aiding the prime mover; multiple synergists can yield greater power than a single larger muscle.
  • Antagonist: Muscle opposing the prime mover (e.g., triceps brachii during elbow flexion when brachialis is the prime mover).
  • Fixator: Muscle stabilizing a bone to maintain posture or position during movement.

Muscle Study Requirements

  • Understand the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of each muscle listed in the laboratory manual.

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Related Documents

BSC2085L Anatomy-Physiology 1 Lab Quiz 2 Study Guide PDF

Description

Prepare for Quiz 2 in BSC2085L Anatomy-Physiology 1 Lab with this study guide. It covers essential movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, crucial for understanding joint actions. Review these concepts to excel in your lab assessments.

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