BSC2085L Anatomy-Physiology 1 Lab Quiz 2

Questions and Answers

What is flexion?

A movement that decreases a joint angle, usually in the sagittal plane.

What is extension?

A movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position.

Define abduction.

The movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

What is adduction?

The movement of a body part in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is elevation?

A movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane. Signup and view all the answers

What is depression?

A movement that lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane. Signup and view all the answers

Define protraction.

The anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane. Signup and view all the answers

What is retraction?

The posterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane. Signup and view all the answers

What is rotation?

A movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis. Signup and view all the answers

Define supination.

A movement of the forearm that turns the palm to face anteriorly. Signup and view all the answers

What is pronation?

A movement of the forearm that turns the palm to face posteriorly. Signup and view all the answers

What does opposition mean in anatomical terms?

Moving the thumb to touch the tip of any of the other four fingers. Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion?

A movement of the foot in which the toes are elevated. Signup and view all the answers

Define plantar flexion.

A movement of the foot so the toes point downward. Signup and view all the answers

What is inversion in foot movement?

A foot movement that tips the soles medially, somewhat facing each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is eversion in foot movement?

A foot movement that tips the soles laterally, away from each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is the endomysium?

A thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber. Signup and view all the answers

What is perimysium?

A thicker connective tissue layer that wraps muscle fibers together in bundles called fascicles. Signup and view all the answers

Define epimysium.

A connective layer that surrounds the entire muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prime mover?

The muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action. Signup and view all the answers

What is a synergist?

A muscle that aids the prime mover. Signup and view all the answers

Define antagonist.

A muscle that opposes the prime mover. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fixator?

A muscle that prevents a bone from moving. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joint Movements

Flexion: Decreases joint angle, typically in the sagittal plane.
Extension: Straightens a joint, returning a body part to the zero position.
Abduction: Movement away from the body's midline in the frontal plane.
Adduction: Movement toward the body's midline in the frontal plane.
Elevation: Raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane.
Depression: Lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane.
Protraction: Anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane.
Retraction: Posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane.
Rotation: Bone spins on its longitudinal axis.
Supination: Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly.
Pronation: Forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly.
Opposition: Movement of the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers.
Dorsiflexion: Foot movement elevating the toes.
Plantar Flexion: Foot movement pointing the toes downward.
Inversion: Foot movement tipping medially, soles facing each other.
Eversion: Foot movement tipping laterally, soles facing away from each other.

Connective Tissue in Skeletal Muscles

Endomysium: Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber.
Perimysium: Thicker connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers into bundles known as fascicles.
Epimysium: Connective tissue layer encasing the entire muscle.

Muscle Actions

Prime Mover (Agonist): Main muscle generating force for a specific joint action (e.g., brachialis in elbow flexion).
Synergist: Muscle aiding the prime mover; multiple synergists can yield greater power than a single larger muscle.
Antagonist: Muscle opposing the prime mover (e.g., triceps brachii during elbow flexion when brachialis is the prime mover).
Fixator: Muscle stabilizing a bone to maintain posture or position during movement.

Muscle Study Requirements

Understand the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of each muscle listed in the laboratory manual.

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Description

Prepare for Quiz 2 in BSC2085L Anatomy-Physiology 1 Lab with this study guide. It covers essential movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, crucial for understanding joint actions. Review these concepts to excel in your lab assessments.