32 Questions
What is the outer surface of the bone called?
Periosteum
Which bone classification includes examples like the sphenoid bone and ulna?
Irregular bones
What is the function of cancellous bone in many bones?
Makes blood cells
In terms of shape, which bone would the capitate (carpal) bone fall under?
Irregular bone
Which layer of bone is very smooth and hard, visible when looking at a skeleton?
Compact bone
What is the adult human body's total number of bones?
206
Which type of bone has many layers that look like sponges?
Cancellous bone
'What Are Bones Made Of?' is primarily focused on explaining the components of bones' $____$.
External appearance
What is the primary function of bones in the human body?
Support of the body
Which type of bone tissue contains many open spaces and serves to decrease the weight of bones?
Spongy bone
What type of bones are typically longer than wide and have a shaft with heads at both ends?
Long bones
Which skeletal component connects bone to muscle in the human body?
Tendons
What is the origin of the term 'skeleton'?
'Skeleton' comes from a Greek word meaning dried up body.
Which bones are generally cube-shaped and small in size?
Short bones
In which bones are most red blood cells produced in the human body?
Long bones
Which type of bone tissue is dense and hard?
Compact bone
What is the role of osteocytes in bone maintenance?
Maintain the bone in a healthy condition
Why is aseptic necrosis a serious bone condition?
It causes localized bone death
Which type of bone cells destroy bone by releasing calcium?
Osteoclasts
How much calcium do osteoblasts build in the bone daily?
0.5 g
What happens if osteocytes die due to poor blood supply?
Bone dies and loses strength
At what age do osteoblasts dominate bone remodeling until?
35-40 years old
What is the medical term for porous bones seen in older women?
Osteoporosis
What is another term for aseptic necrosis?
Osteonecrosis
What effect does loss of water in the collagen phase have on bone toughness?
Decreases
In which loading direction is bone the weakest according to the text?
Shear
How does the modulus of bone react to the direction of loading?
Dependent
What is the term used to describe bone's force-deformation characteristics dependency on the rate of loading?
Viscoelastic
Which scenario leads to better lubrication according to the text?
Large shear stress leading to decreased synovial fluid viscosity
What helps reduce friction in a joint according to the text?
Fat in the cartilage
What method is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) according to the text?
"Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)"
"Osteoporosis" is characterized by what according to the text?
"Lower bone mineral mass"
Study Notes
- The Skeletal System: complex structure composed of bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons.
- Bones: living tissues that support the body, protect organs, serve as levers, store minerals and fats, and form blood cells.
- Types of Bones: compact bone (dense and hard) and spongy bone (cancellous, with many open spaces).
- Classification of Bones: long bones (typically longer than wide, found in legs and arms), short bones (cube-shaped, found in wrist, ankles, and toes), flat bones (thin and flattened, found in skull, ribs, sternum), and irregular bones (vertebra).
- Functions of Bones: support, protection, leverage, mineral and fat storage, and blood cell formation.
- Bone as a Living Tissue: covered by the periosteum, consists of compact and cancellous bone, and is maintained by specialized bone cells called osteocytes.
- Bone Health: bones are susceptible to conditions such as aseptic necrosis (bone death due to poor blood supply) and osteoporosis (porous bones in older women).
- Bone Structure: anisotropic with different moduli depending on the direction of loading, weakest in shear, then tension, then compression, and viscoelastic, meaning its force-deformation characteristics are dependent upon the rate of loading.
- Joint Lubrication: aided by the synovial fluid, which is trapped in the rough articular cartilage and squeezed into the joint during stress, and whose viscosity decreases with large shear stress, making it a better lubricant.
- Bone Mineral Measurement: can be measured in vivo (in the body) or in vitro (outside the body), with methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) that can accurately measure bone mineral density.
Test your knowledge on human anatomy and bone structure with this quiz. Identify different types of joints, bones, and bone cells. Learn about bone as a living tissue, blood supply, nerve, osteocytes, bone remodeling, and more.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
