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Questions and Answers
What is the outer surface of the bone called?
What is the outer surface of the bone called?
- Compact bone
- Cancellous bone
- Bone marrow
- Periosteum (correct)
Which bone classification includes examples like the sphenoid bone and ulna?
Which bone classification includes examples like the sphenoid bone and ulna?
- Long bones
- Irregular bones (correct)
- Flat bones
- Short bones
What is the function of cancellous bone in many bones?
What is the function of cancellous bone in many bones?
- Nourishes the bone
- Makes blood cells (correct)
- Forms the compact bone layer
- Protects the outer surface of the bone
In terms of shape, which bone would the capitate (carpal) bone fall under?
In terms of shape, which bone would the capitate (carpal) bone fall under?
Which layer of bone is very smooth and hard, visible when looking at a skeleton?
Which layer of bone is very smooth and hard, visible when looking at a skeleton?
What is the adult human body's total number of bones?
What is the adult human body's total number of bones?
Which type of bone has many layers that look like sponges?
Which type of bone has many layers that look like sponges?
'What Are Bones Made Of?' is primarily focused on explaining the components of bones' $____$.
'What Are Bones Made Of?' is primarily focused on explaining the components of bones' $____$.
What is the primary function of bones in the human body?
What is the primary function of bones in the human body?
Which type of bone tissue contains many open spaces and serves to decrease the weight of bones?
Which type of bone tissue contains many open spaces and serves to decrease the weight of bones?
What type of bones are typically longer than wide and have a shaft with heads at both ends?
What type of bones are typically longer than wide and have a shaft with heads at both ends?
Which skeletal component connects bone to muscle in the human body?
Which skeletal component connects bone to muscle in the human body?
What is the origin of the term 'skeleton'?
What is the origin of the term 'skeleton'?
Which bones are generally cube-shaped and small in size?
Which bones are generally cube-shaped and small in size?
In which bones are most red blood cells produced in the human body?
In which bones are most red blood cells produced in the human body?
Which type of bone tissue is dense and hard?
Which type of bone tissue is dense and hard?
What is the role of osteocytes in bone maintenance?
What is the role of osteocytes in bone maintenance?
Why is aseptic necrosis a serious bone condition?
Why is aseptic necrosis a serious bone condition?
Which type of bone cells destroy bone by releasing calcium?
Which type of bone cells destroy bone by releasing calcium?
How much calcium do osteoblasts build in the bone daily?
How much calcium do osteoblasts build in the bone daily?
What happens if osteocytes die due to poor blood supply?
What happens if osteocytes die due to poor blood supply?
At what age do osteoblasts dominate bone remodeling until?
At what age do osteoblasts dominate bone remodeling until?
What is the medical term for porous bones seen in older women?
What is the medical term for porous bones seen in older women?
What is another term for aseptic necrosis?
What is another term for aseptic necrosis?
What effect does loss of water in the collagen phase have on bone toughness?
What effect does loss of water in the collagen phase have on bone toughness?
In which loading direction is bone the weakest according to the text?
In which loading direction is bone the weakest according to the text?
How does the modulus of bone react to the direction of loading?
How does the modulus of bone react to the direction of loading?
What is the term used to describe bone's force-deformation characteristics dependency on the rate of loading?
What is the term used to describe bone's force-deformation characteristics dependency on the rate of loading?
Which scenario leads to better lubrication according to the text?
Which scenario leads to better lubrication according to the text?
What helps reduce friction in a joint according to the text?
What helps reduce friction in a joint according to the text?
What method is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) according to the text?
What method is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) according to the text?
"Osteoporosis" is characterized by what according to the text?
"Osteoporosis" is characterized by what according to the text?
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Study Notes
- The Skeletal System: complex structure composed of bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons.
- Bones: living tissues that support the body, protect organs, serve as levers, store minerals and fats, and form blood cells.
- Types of Bones: compact bone (dense and hard) and spongy bone (cancellous, with many open spaces).
- Classification of Bones: long bones (typically longer than wide, found in legs and arms), short bones (cube-shaped, found in wrist, ankles, and toes), flat bones (thin and flattened, found in skull, ribs, sternum), and irregular bones (vertebra).
- Functions of Bones: support, protection, leverage, mineral and fat storage, and blood cell formation.
- Bone as a Living Tissue: covered by the periosteum, consists of compact and cancellous bone, and is maintained by specialized bone cells called osteocytes.
- Bone Health: bones are susceptible to conditions such as aseptic necrosis (bone death due to poor blood supply) and osteoporosis (porous bones in older women).
- Bone Structure: anisotropic with different moduli depending on the direction of loading, weakest in shear, then tension, then compression, and viscoelastic, meaning its force-deformation characteristics are dependent upon the rate of loading.
- Joint Lubrication: aided by the synovial fluid, which is trapped in the rough articular cartilage and squeezed into the joint during stress, and whose viscosity decreases with large shear stress, making it a better lubricant.
- Bone Mineral Measurement: can be measured in vivo (in the body) or in vitro (outside the body), with methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) that can accurately measure bone mineral density.
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