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Questions and Answers
Omentum connects the stomach to other ______.
Omentum connects the stomach to other ______.
viscera
The abdominal cavity is bounded above by the ______ diaphragm.
The abdominal cavity is bounded above by the ______ diaphragm.
thoraco-abdominal
The largest body cavity is divided into two parts: abdomen proper and ______ cavity.
The largest body cavity is divided into two parts: abdomen proper and ______ cavity.
pelvic
The greater peritoneal cavity extends from the diaphragm into the ______.
The greater peritoneal cavity extends from the diaphragm into the ______.
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The lesser peritoneal cavity, also known as the ______ bursa, is a diverticulum of the greater sac.
The lesser peritoneal cavity, also known as the ______ bursa, is a diverticulum of the greater sac.
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The 2 sacs of the peritoneal cavity communicate through the ______ foramen of Winslow.
The 2 sacs of the peritoneal cavity communicate through the ______ foramen of Winslow.
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The mesentery (proper) connects parts of the intestine to the ______ abdominal wall.
The mesentery (proper) connects parts of the intestine to the ______ abdominal wall.
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The abdominal cavity extends below to the pelvic ______.
The abdominal cavity extends below to the pelvic ______.
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Primary retroperitoneal organs are covered with peritoneum only on its ______ surface.
Primary retroperitoneal organs are covered with peritoneum only on its ______ surface.
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Examples of primary retroperitoneal organs include the kidney and ______.
Examples of primary retroperitoneal organs include the kidney and ______.
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Secondary retroperitoneal organs are derived from the ______.
Secondary retroperitoneal organs are derived from the ______.
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The peritoneal elevation overlying the median umbilical ligament is known as the ______ fold.
The peritoneal elevation overlying the median umbilical ligament is known as the ______ fold.
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The peritoneal folds overlying the inferior epigastric vessels are referred to as ______ umbilical folds.
The peritoneal folds overlying the inferior epigastric vessels are referred to as ______ umbilical folds.
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Mesentery is a ______ layered peritoneal membrane that supports and attaches hollow viscera.
Mesentery is a ______ layered peritoneal membrane that supports and attaches hollow viscera.
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The peritoneal reflections are extensions of the visceral ______.
The peritoneal reflections are extensions of the visceral ______.
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Examples of secondary retroperitoneal organs include the duodenum and ______.
Examples of secondary retroperitoneal organs include the duodenum and ______.
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Pancreatic branches of the ______ artery course along the superior border of the pancreas.
Pancreatic branches of the ______ artery course along the superior border of the pancreas.
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The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the ______ artery.
The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the ______ artery.
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The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the ______ artery.
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the ______ artery.
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Venous drainage of the pancreas involves tributaries of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, which eventually drain into the ______ vein.
Venous drainage of the pancreas involves tributaries of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, which eventually drain into the ______ vein.
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The nerve supply to the pancreas is derived from the ______ and superior mesenteric plexus.
The nerve supply to the pancreas is derived from the ______ and superior mesenteric plexus.
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The pancreatic enzymes secretion is controlled largely by hormones from the ______.
The pancreatic enzymes secretion is controlled largely by hormones from the ______.
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Pain fibers from the pancreas run in the thoracic ______ nerves.
Pain fibers from the pancreas run in the thoracic ______ nerves.
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The posterior border of the spleen is more rounded and blunter than the ______ border.
The posterior border of the spleen is more rounded and blunter than the ______ border.
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Muscle fibers are derived from the right crus of the ______.
Muscle fibers are derived from the right crus of the ______.
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The superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into the ______.
The superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into the ______.
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Sympathetic nerve supply comes from the celiac and superior mesenteric ______.
Sympathetic nerve supply comes from the celiac and superior mesenteric ______.
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Parasympathetic fibers are provided by the ______ nerves.
Parasympathetic fibers are provided by the ______ nerves.
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Lymphatic drainage occurs through pancreaticoduodenal nodes which drain superiorly to ______ nodes.
Lymphatic drainage occurs through pancreaticoduodenal nodes which drain superiorly to ______ nodes.
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The ______ lies on the hilum of the right kidney.
The ______ lies on the hilum of the right kidney.
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The main pancreatic duct (Wirsung) terminates into the 2nd part of the duodenum at the summit of the greater duodenal ______.
The main pancreatic duct (Wirsung) terminates into the 2nd part of the duodenum at the summit of the greater duodenal ______.
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The union of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins forms the ______ vein.
The union of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins forms the ______ vein.
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The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct of Wirsung open at the ______.
The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct of Wirsung open at the ______.
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The accessory pancreatic duct (Santorini) drains into the 2nd part of the duodenum at the minor duodenal ______.
The accessory pancreatic duct (Santorini) drains into the 2nd part of the duodenum at the minor duodenal ______.
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The minor duodenal papilla is a mucosal elevation located about ______ cm above the major duodenal papilla.
The minor duodenal papilla is a mucosal elevation located about ______ cm above the major duodenal papilla.
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The neck and uncinated process of the pancreas lie in front of the abdominal ______.
The neck and uncinated process of the pancreas lie in front of the abdominal ______.
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The head and neck of the pancreas are located inferoposteriorly to the ______.
The head and neck of the pancreas are located inferoposteriorly to the ______.
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The common bile duct is crossed by the ______ mesenteric artery and vein.
The common bile duct is crossed by the ______ mesenteric artery and vein.
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The anterior surface of the pancreas is associated with the ______ mesocolon.
The anterior surface of the pancreas is associated with the ______ mesocolon.
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The tip of the tail of the pancreas contacts the ______ at its hilum.
The tip of the tail of the pancreas contacts the ______ at its hilum.
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The pancreas can be found at the level of the ______ vertebra in the upper abdomen.
The pancreas can be found at the level of the ______ vertebra in the upper abdomen.
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The stomach is found ______ to the pancreas.
The stomach is found ______ to the pancreas.
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The anterior surface of the pancreas is crossed by the superior mesenteric vessels and the root of the ______.
The anterior surface of the pancreas is crossed by the superior mesenteric vessels and the root of the ______.
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The third portion of the duodenum runs horizontally along the lower border of the ______.
The third portion of the duodenum runs horizontally along the lower border of the ______.
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The descending part of the duodenum is approximately ______ cm long.
The descending part of the duodenum is approximately ______ cm long.
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The right crus of the diaphragm, IVC, and aorta form the posterior surface of the ______.
The right crus of the diaphragm, IVC, and aorta form the posterior surface of the ______.
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The bowel begins at the right side of the upper border of the ______ vertebra.
The bowel begins at the right side of the upper border of the ______ vertebra.
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Study Notes
Abdominal Cavity
- The abdominal cavity is a large body cavity.
- It's divided into two parts: the abdomen proper (larger upper part) and the pelvic cavity (smaller lower part).
- It's bounded above by the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm.
- The lower boundary is the pelvic diaphragm.
Peritoneum
- A serous membrane lining the abdominal wall (parietal peritoneum) and enclosing abdominal viscera (visceral peritoneum).
- It has two layers: parietal and visceral.
- The space between them is the peritoneal cavity, containing a small amount of fluid.
- This cavity can be male or female.
Abdominal Portion of the Esophagus
- 1.5-2.5 cm long distal part of the esophagus.
- It enters the abdominal cavity through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm (T10).
- Connects to the stomach at the cardiac orifice.
Stomach
- A dilated part of the alimentary tract (1.5 liters capacity).
- Located in the upper quadrant (left hypochondriac, epigastric, and umbilical regions).
- Has two curvatures (greater and lesser).
- Divided into fundus, body, and pyloric region.
Duodenum
- The first part of the small intestine.
- C-shaped.
- Divided into four parts: superior, descending, transverse, and ascending.
- Receives the common bile duct and pancreatic ducts.
Pancreas
- Flat, pistol-shaped gland.
- Located behind the stomach.
- Has head, neck, body, and tail.
- Produces exocrine and endocrine secretions.
Spleen
- Largest lymphatic organ.
- Encapsulated, irregular, wedge-shaped, and vascular.
- Located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
- Two major functions (removal of old blood cells and lymphocyte production).
Clinical Correlations
- Includes conditions like gastric/duodenal ulcers, gastrectomy, gastric cancer, pancreatic hypertrophy, diabetes mellitus, and splenomegaly.
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Description
Explore the intricate structures of the abdominal cavity, including its division into the abdomen proper and pelvic cavity. This quiz covers key components such as the peritoneum, esophagus, and stomach, focusing on their anatomy and functions. Test your knowledge of the human body's digestive system and its accompanying components.
