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The movement of molecules within a solution is random.

Sugar molecules collide continuously with the walls of the container.

When the partition is removed, sugar molecules diffuse towards the right side, moving from a higher concentration area to a lower concentration area.

At equilibrium, the number of molecules passing from left to right is equal to the number passing from right to left.

Semi-permeable membranes allow small molecules to pass through while blocking larger molecules.

Osmotic pressure is a measure of the tendency of water to diffuse into a sugar solution, directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.

The primary function of the cell membrane is to maintain the integrity of the cell by acting as a barrier to the outside environment.

Tissue cells are separated from the interstitial fluid by the cell membrane, creating a distinct internal environment.

Determining sex is not a function of the cell membrane.

Subsystems within cells are called organelles, each performing specific functions.

The primary difference between single-celled and multicellular organisms is the number of cells they contain.

The cell membrane allows essential substances to enter through passive diffusion, moving down the concentration gradient.

The thickness of cell membranes typically ranges between 6 and 10 nanometers.

The dielectric constant of a cell membrane falls between 2 and 3.

The capacitance of a cell membrane is approximately 1 microfarad per square centimeter.

The leakage resistance of the cell membrane ranges between 10^2 and 10^5 ohm-cm^2.

The 60 mV potential difference across the membrane results in an electric field strength of 10^7 volts per meter.

One of the characteristics of a cell membrane is that the permeability to potassium is 10 times higher than its permeability to sodium.

The number of osmoles in 111 grams of CaCl2 in a solution is 3 osmoles.

If a molecule dissociates into 'i' number of particles, 1 mole of the substance will have i osmoles.

Red blood cells placed in a solution with higher osmotic pressure (hypertonic) will shrink.

Red blood cells placed in a solution with lower osmotic pressure (hypotonic) will swell.

If the red blood cell volume exceeds a critical value, the membrane becomes permeable to hemoglobin, and almost all hemoglobin leaks out of the cell.

A solution in which red blood cells do not shrink or swell is called an isotonic solution.

Solutions with the same osmotic pressure are called isosmotic.