Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which device is closest to end-users and switches data frames?
Which device is closest to end-users and switches data frames?
- Switch (correct)
- Router
- Modem
- Network Interface Card (NIC)
What is the role of a terminal device in a data communication system?
What is the role of a terminal device in a data communication system?
- Forwarding data packets on the Internet
- Connecting directly to devices like PCs and printers (correct)
- Providing access to the network for end-users
- Translating signals from the ISP
What is a broadcast domain?
What is a broadcast domain?
- A network-layer device that connects to the Internet
- A set of nodes that forward data packets
- A set of nodes that can receive broadcast packets from a node (correct)
- A device that provides access to the network for end-users
Which type of switch is usually used in the access layer?
Which type of switch is usually used in the access layer?
What function does an Ethernet switch typically implement?
What function does an Ethernet switch typically implement?
What device provides access to the network for end-users?
What device provides access to the network for end-users?
What is the purpose of HTTPS?
What is the purpose of HTTPS?
Where does Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) operate?
Where does Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) operate?
What are the key functions of Transport Control Protocol (TCP)?
What are the key functions of Transport Control Protocol (TCP)?
How do computers communicate on the Internet?
How do computers communicate on the Internet?
Which layer of the OSI model does Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) belong to?
Which layer of the OSI model does Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) belong to?
What is the primary role of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) in network communication?
What is the primary role of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) in network communication?
What is the role of SMTP in the TCP/IP protocol suite?
What is the role of SMTP in the TCP/IP protocol suite?
Which protocol uses UDP for transferring files between systems?
Which protocol uses UDP for transferring files between systems?
What does POP3 enable a workstation to do in terms of mail retrieval?
What does POP3 enable a workstation to do in terms of mail retrieval?
Which protocol is used for sharing computer programs and data between hosts?
Which protocol is used for sharing computer programs and data between hosts?
What is the main purpose of the DNS protocol on the Internet?
What is the main purpose of the DNS protocol on the Internet?
In which layer of the OSI model does the application layer reside?
In which layer of the OSI model does the application layer reside?
What is the purpose of the Sequence Number field in TCP?
What is the purpose of the Sequence Number field in TCP?
What does the Acknowledgment Number field in TCP indicate?
What does the Acknowledgment Number field in TCP indicate?
What does the Header Length field in TCP specify?
What does the Header Length field in TCP specify?
What is the minimum possible length for a UDP packet due to the header size?
What is the minimum possible length for a UDP packet due to the header size?
Why is the Reserved field in TCP always set to 0?
Why is the Reserved field in TCP always set to 0?
What is the primary goal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)?
What is the primary goal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)?
What is the significance of the Control Bits in TCP?
What is the significance of the Control Bits in TCP?
What does the Checksum field in a UDP packet refer to?
What does the Checksum field in a UDP packet refer to?
Which organization is known for standardizing LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Wireless LANs?
Which organization is known for standardizing LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Wireless LANs?
What does the SYN in SYN-ACK handshake stand for?
What does the SYN in SYN-ACK handshake stand for?
Why is the Checksum field in TCP important?
Why is the Checksum field in TCP important?
What type of representatives make up the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)?
What type of representatives make up the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)?
What is the purpose of the Window Sliding Mechanism in data transmission?
What is the purpose of the Window Sliding Mechanism in data transmission?
Which organization is focused on writing standards and legislation favorable to the growth of computer and electronic industries?
Which organization is focused on writing standards and legislation favorable to the growth of computer and electronic industries?
When is the TCP Shutdown (Four-Way Handshake) process initiated?
When is the TCP Shutdown (Four-Way Handshake) process initiated?
Which standardization organization is known for publications such as ASCII and SCSI?
Which standardization organization is known for publications such as ASCII and SCSI?
What does the ACK in TCP stand for?
What does the ACK in TCP stand for?
What field do Common Standardization Organizations like Huawei focus on for standardization agreements?
What field do Common Standardization Organizations like Huawei focus on for standardization agreements?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Network Devices
- Terminal device: end-device of the data communication system, provides necessary functions for user access protocol operations
- Network Interface Card (NIC): connects devices to a network, allowing access to the internet or local network
- Switch: device closest to end-users, used to access the network and switch data frames
- Switch functions: data frame switching, access to end-user devices, basic access security functions, and layer 2 link redundancy
- Router: network-layer device that forwards data packets on the internet
- Modem: device that connects a network to the internet, translates signals from ISP to local devices
Network Topologies
- Star Topology: computers connected to a single hub through a cable, advantages: easy to add new nodes, facilitates network monitoring, disadvantages: faults on central node affect entire network
- Bus Topology: every computer and network device connected to a single cable, advantages: simple installation, cable resources saved, disadvantages: bus fault affects entire network, low security
- Ring Topology: computers connected in a ring, advantages: cable resources saved, disadvantages: difficult to add new nodes, original ring must be interrupted
- Tree Topology: root node with multiple nodes connected, advantages: multiple star networks can be quickly combined, disadvantages: fault on a node at a higher layer is more severe
- Mesh Topology: point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices, advantages: high reliability, high communication efficiency, disadvantages: high cost, difficult to expand
- Hybrid Topology: mix of two different topologies merging as one network
Network Standard Protocols
- Common Standardization Organizations: IEEE, ANSI, EIA
- IEEE: promotes development and education in electrical engineering and computer science, standardized LAN technologies (Ethernet, token-ring, Wireless LAN)
- ANSI: published standards for electronics, industry, and other fields (ASCII, SCSI)
- EIA: trade organization that writes ANSI standards and legislation favorable to computer and electronic industries
Application Layer Protocols
- Provides interfaces for application software to use network services
- Protocols: SMTP, POP3, TFTP, FTP, NFS, DNS, HTTP, HTTPS
- Functions: email transfer, file transfer, network file system, domain name system, hypertext transfer protocol
TCP and UDP Connections
- TCP: connection-oriented protocol, provides reliable data delivery, duplicate data suppression, congestion control, and flow control
- TCP Header Fields: Source Port, Destination Port, Sequence Number, Acknowledgment Number, Header Length, Reserved, Control Bits, Window, Checksum
- UDP: connectionless protocol, provides best-effort delivery, no guarantee of delivery
- UDP Header Fields: Source Port, Destination Port, Length, Checksum
TCP Handshake and Shutdown
- SYN-ACK Handshake: three-way handshake for connection initiation
- SYN: synchronize, ACK: acknowledge, FIN: finish
- TCP Shutdown: four-way handshake for connection termination, releases system resources
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
