Huawei Network Topologies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which device is closest to end-users and switches data frames?

  • Switch (correct)
  • Router
  • Modem
  • Network Interface Card (NIC)

    • What is the role of a terminal device in a data communication system?

  • Forwarding data packets on the Internet
  • Connecting directly to devices like PCs and printers (correct)
  • Providing access to the network for end-users
  • Translating signals from the ISP

    • What is a broadcast domain?

  • A network-layer device that connects to the Internet
  • A set of nodes that forward data packets
  • A set of nodes that can receive broadcast packets from a node (correct)
  • A device that provides access to the network for end-users

    • Which type of switch is usually used in the access layer?

    <p>Ethernet switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does an Ethernet switch typically implement?

    <p>Data frame switching, access to end-user devices, basic security functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device provides access to the network for end-users?

    <p>Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of HTTPS?

    <p>To provide secure message-oriented communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) operate?

    <p>Between the TCP layer and the application layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key functions of Transport Control Protocol (TCP)?

    <p>Reliable data delivery, duplicate data suppression, congestion control, flow control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do computers communicate on the Internet?

    <p>Using either Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the OSI model does Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) belong to?

    <p>Application layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) in network communication?

    <p>Supporting the exchange of information on the World Wide Web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of SMTP in the TCP/IP protocol suite?

    <p>Reliable and efficient transfer of electronic mail service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol uses UDP for transferring files between systems?

    <p>TFTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does POP3 enable a workstation to do in terms of mail retrieval?

    <p>Retrieve mail from the server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is used for sharing computer programs and data between hosts?

    <p>FTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the DNS protocol on the Internet?

    <p>Translating domain names into IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the OSI model does the application layer reside?

    <p>Application Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sequence Number field in TCP?

    <p>Refer to every byte of data sent over a TCP connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Acknowledgment Number field in TCP indicate?

    <p>The sequence number of the next segment's first byte expected by the receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Header Length field in TCP specify?

    <p>The unit of 32 bits (4 bytes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum possible length for a UDP packet due to the header size?

    <p>8 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Reserved field in TCP always set to 0?

    <p>To indicate future protocol changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)?

    <p>Promoting development and education in electrical engineering and computer science fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Control Bits in TCP?

    <p>Indicate different states of TCP data segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Checksum field in a UDP packet refer to?

    <p>Checksum of both the UDP header and data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is known for standardizing LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Wireless LANs?

    <p>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the SYN in SYN-ACK handshake stand for?

    <p>Synchronize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Checksum field in TCP important?

    <p>To store and verify data integrity during transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of representatives make up the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)?

    <p>Representatives from industry and government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Window Sliding Mechanism in data transmission?

    <p>To control data transmission rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is focused on writing standards and legislation favorable to the growth of computer and electronic industries?

    <p>Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the TCP Shutdown (Four-Way Handshake) process initiated?

    <p>After the completion of data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standardization organization is known for publications such as ASCII and SCSI?

    <p>American National Standards Institute (ANSI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ACK in TCP stand for?

    <p>Acknowledgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field do Common Standardization Organizations like Huawei focus on for standardization agreements?

    <p>Information technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Devices

    • Terminal device: end-device of the data communication system, provides necessary functions for user access protocol operations
    • Network Interface Card (NIC): connects devices to a network, allowing access to the internet or local network
    • Switch: device closest to end-users, used to access the network and switch data frames
    • Switch functions: data frame switching, access to end-user devices, basic access security functions, and layer 2 link redundancy
    • Router: network-layer device that forwards data packets on the internet
    • Modem: device that connects a network to the internet, translates signals from ISP to local devices

    Network Topologies

    • Star Topology: computers connected to a single hub through a cable, advantages: easy to add new nodes, facilitates network monitoring, disadvantages: faults on central node affect entire network
    • Bus Topology: every computer and network device connected to a single cable, advantages: simple installation, cable resources saved, disadvantages: bus fault affects entire network, low security
    • Ring Topology: computers connected in a ring, advantages: cable resources saved, disadvantages: difficult to add new nodes, original ring must be interrupted
    • Tree Topology: root node with multiple nodes connected, advantages: multiple star networks can be quickly combined, disadvantages: fault on a node at a higher layer is more severe
    • Mesh Topology: point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices, advantages: high reliability, high communication efficiency, disadvantages: high cost, difficult to expand
    • Hybrid Topology: mix of two different topologies merging as one network

    Network Standard Protocols

    • Common Standardization Organizations: IEEE, ANSI, EIA
    • IEEE: promotes development and education in electrical engineering and computer science, standardized LAN technologies (Ethernet, token-ring, Wireless LAN)
    • ANSI: published standards for electronics, industry, and other fields (ASCII, SCSI)
    • EIA: trade organization that writes ANSI standards and legislation favorable to computer and electronic industries

    Application Layer Protocols

    • Provides interfaces for application software to use network services
    • Protocols: SMTP, POP3, TFTP, FTP, NFS, DNS, HTTP, HTTPS
    • Functions: email transfer, file transfer, network file system, domain name system, hypertext transfer protocol

    TCP and UDP Connections

    • TCP: connection-oriented protocol, provides reliable data delivery, duplicate data suppression, congestion control, and flow control
    • TCP Header Fields: Source Port, Destination Port, Sequence Number, Acknowledgment Number, Header Length, Reserved, Control Bits, Window, Checksum
    • UDP: connectionless protocol, provides best-effort delivery, no guarantee of delivery
    • UDP Header Fields: Source Port, Destination Port, Length, Checksum

    TCP Handshake and Shutdown

    • SYN-ACK Handshake: three-way handshake for connection initiation
    • SYN: synchronize, ACK: acknowledge, FIN: finish
    • TCP Shutdown: four-way handshake for connection termination, releases system resources

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on network topologies such as star topology and advantages of using them according to Huawei's network reference models. Learn about connecting various nodes through lines of connection and how new nodes can be added easily to the network.

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