HTML5 and CSS Flexbox Essentials

HTML5

• Definition: The latest version of HTML, designed to structure content on the web.
• Key Features:
  • New Elements: Introduces semantic elements like <article>, <section>, <header>, <footer>, <nav>, and <aside>.
  • Audio and Video Support: Uses <audio> and <video> tags for media without external plugins.
  • Form Enhancements: New input types (e.g., date, email, url) and attributes (e.g., placeholder, required).
  • Canvas API: <canvas> element for drawing graphics on the fly via JavaScript.
  • Local Storage: Web Storage API to store data locally in the user's browser.

CSS Flexbox

• Definition: A layout model that provides a more efficient way to arrange and align items in a container.
• Key Properties:
  • Container:
    • display: flex;: Enables flexbox on the container.
    • flex-direction: Defines the direction of the flex items (e.g., row, column).
    • justify-content: Aligns items along the main axis (e.g., flex-start, center, space-between).
    • align-items: Aligns items along the cross axis (e.g., stretch, flex-start, flex-end).
  • Items:
    • flex-grow: Defines the ability for a flex item to grow if necessary.
    • flex-shrink: Defines the ability for a flex item to shrink if necessary.
    • flex-basis: Defines the default size of an element before the remaining space is distributed.

JavaScript ES6

• Definition: The sixth edition of the ECMAScript standard, introducing new features for modern JavaScript.
• Key Features:
  • Let and Const: Block-scoped variables; let for mutable variables, const for constants.
  • Arrow Functions: Shorter syntax for function expressions (e.g., const add = (a, b) => a + b;).
  • Template Literals: Multi-line strings and string interpolation using backticks (`Hello, ${name}`).
  • Destructuring Assignment: Unpacking values from arrays or properties from objects (e.g., const {name} = person;).
  • Modules: Support for modular programming with import and export statements.
  • Promises: Simplified asynchronous programming using .then(), .catch(), and async/await syntax.

DOM Manipulation

• Definition: Interaction with the Document Object Model (DOM) to dynamically change the content and structure of web pages.
• Key Methods:
  • Selecting Elements:
    • document.getElementById(): Selects an element by its ID.
    • document.querySelector(): Selects the first matching element with a CSS selector.
    • document.querySelectorAll(): Selects all matching elements as a NodeList.
  • Manipulating Elements:
    • Changing Content: element.innerHTML, element.textContent to modify content.
    • Changing Styles: element.style.property to change CSS styles directly.
    • Adding/Removing Classes: element.classList.add(), element.classList.remove().
  • Event Handling:
    • element.addEventListener(): Attaches an event handler to a specified element.
    • Common events: click, mouseover, keydown.
• Creating Elements:
  • document.createElement(): Creates a new element.
  • parentElement.appendChild(): Appends a new child element to a parent.

HTML5

• Latest version of HTML for structuring web content.
• Introduces semantic elements like <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <nav>, and <aside>.
• Supports audio and video with <audio> and <video> tags, eliminating the need for external plugins.
• Enhancements in forms with new input types such as date, email, and url, along with attributes like placeholder and required.
• Features a Canvas API with <canvas> element for dynamic graphics rendering through JavaScript.
• Local Storage allows data to be stored in a user's browser via the Web Storage API.

CSS Flexbox

• A modern layout model facilitating efficient arrangement and alignment of items in a container.
• To enable flexbox, set display: flex; on the container.
• flex-direction determines the layout direction of flex items (e.g., row or column).
• justify-content aligns items along the main axis (options: flex-start, center, space-between).
• align-items manages alignment along the cross axis with options like stretch, flex-start, and flex-end.
• For flex items, flex-grow controls growth ability, flex-shrink manages shrinkage, and flex-basis specifies the default size.

JavaScript ES6

• The sixth edition of ECMAScript introducing key features for modern JavaScript development.
• Includes let and const for block-scoped variable declarations; let for mutable, const for immutable variables.
• Arrow Functions provide a concise syntax for functions, e.g., const add = (a, b) => a + b;.
• Template Literals facilitate multi-line strings and string interpolation using backticks (e.g., `Hello, ${name}`).
• Destructuring Assignment allows unpacking values from arrays or objects, e.g., const {name} = person;.
• Supports modular programming with import and export statements for better code organization.
• Simplifies asynchronous coding using Promises, .then(), .catch(), and async/await syntax.

DOM Manipulation

• Interaction with the Document Object Model (DOM) to modify webpage content and structure dynamically.
• Use document.getElementById() to select an element by ID.
• Leverage document.querySelector() to select the first element that matches a CSS selector.
• Use document.querySelectorAll() for selecting all matching elements, returned as a NodeList.
• Change content with element.innerHTML and element.textContent.
• Modify styles directly using element.style.property.
• Manage class attributes with element.classList.add() and element.classList.remove().
• Attach event handlers via element.addEventListener() for events like click, mouseover, and keydown.
• Create new elements using document.createElement() and append them to a parent with parentElement.appendChild().