HTML Basics Quiz

HTML Basics

Definition: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages.
Structure:
- Document Type Declaration (<!DOCTYPE html>)
- <html>: Root element of an HTML page.
- <head>: Contains meta-information, title, styles, and scripts.
- <title>: Specifies the title of the document shown in the browser tab.
- <body>: Contains the content of the web page (text, images, links).
Elements:
- Tags are used to define elements, e.g., <p> for paragraphs, <h1> to <h6> for headings.
- Attributes provide additional information about elements, e.g., <a href="url"> for hyperlinks.
Common Tags:
- Text:
  - <p>: Paragraph
  - <strong>: Bold text
  - <em>: Italics
- Images:
  - <img src="url" alt="description">
- Links:
  - <a href="url">Link text</a>
- Lists:
  - <ul>: Unordered list
  - <ol>: Ordered list
  - <li>: List item
Forms:
- <form>: Container for form elements.
- Input types include <input type="text">, <input type="submit">, etc.
Semantic HTML: Using meaningful tags such as <header>, <footer>, <article>, and <nav> to enhance accessibility and SEO.

Internet Protocols

Definition: Internet protocols are rules that define how data is transmitted over the internet.
Key Protocols:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):
  - Ensures reliable delivery of data packets.
  - Breaks messages into packets and guarantees their order and integrity.
- IP (Internet Protocol):
  - Addresses and routes packets of data across networks.
  - IPv4 and IPv6 are the most common versions.
- HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):
  - Foundation of data communication on the web.
  - Works on the request-response model.
- HTTPS (HTTP Secure):
  - Secure version of HTTP using SSL/TLS for encrypted communication.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
  - Used for transferring files between client and server.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
  - Protocol for sending emails.
- DNS (Domain Name System):
  - Translates human-readable domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses.
Layers of Internet Protocols:
- Application Layer: HTTP, FTP, SMTP.
- Transport Layer: TCP, UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
- Network Layer: IP.
- Data Link Layer and Physical Layer: Manage the transmission of data over physical mediums.

HTML Basics

HTML Definition: Standard language for creating web pages, enabling the structuring of content.
Structure Components:
- Document Type Declaration: <!DOCTYPE html> indicates the document type and version.
- Root Element: <html> serves as the root of the HTML document.
- Head Section: <head> contains meta-information, styles, scripts, and the document title.
- Title Element: <title> specifies the title displayed in the browser tab.
- Body Section: <body> holds the main content of the web page, including text, images, and links.
Elements and Tags:
- Tags define elements, with examples such as <p> for paragraphs and <h1> to <h6> for headings.
- Attributes provide extra information about elements; e.g., href for hyperlinks.
Common HTML Tags:
- Text Formatting:
  - <p>: Defines a paragraph.
  - <b>: Bold text representation.
  - <i>: Italic text representation.
- Image Tag: <img> for embedding images.
- Links: <a href="url">Link text</a> for creating hyperlinks.
- Lists:
  - <ul>: Unordered list creation.
  - <ol>: Ordered list creation.
  - <li>: List item definition within both unordered and ordered lists.
Forms: <form> acts as the container for various form elements like input fields.
Input Types: Include various types such as text, password, checkbox, etc., for user interaction.
Semantic HTML: Employing meaningful tags (<header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>) enhances accessibility and improves SEO.

Internet Protocols

Definition: Set of rules that govern data transmission over the internet, ensuring communication between devices.
Key Protocols:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Guarantees reliable data delivery, breaking messages into packets and ensuring their correct order.
- IP (Internet Protocol): Addresses and routes data packets across different networks, with IPv4 and IPv6 being the most widely used versions.
- HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): Fundamental for web data communication, operates on a request-response basis between client and server.
- HTTPS (HTTP Secure): A secure version of HTTP that encrypts data via SSL/TLS for secure communications.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Protocol designated for transferring files between client and server.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Protocol used specifically for sending emails over the internet.
- DNS (Domain Name System): Translates user-friendly domain names like www.example.com into corresponding IP addresses.
Layers of Internet Protocols:
- Application Layer: Includes protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP that support end-user applications.
- Transport Layer: Contains TCP and UDP (User Datagram Protocol), managing transport of data.
- Network Layer: Primarily handled by IP for routing data.
- Data Link Layer and Physical Layer: Oversee the transmission of data over physical mediums, forming the foundation of network communication.