HSCI 431 Ch.8 Social Cognitive Theory

Questions and Answers

What does Social Learning Theory suggest?

People learn new behaviors through observing others, imitating their behavior, and then being reinforced by the observed outcomes of the behavior.

What are the five key constructs of Social Cognitive Theory (S.C.T.)?

Knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goal formation, sociocultural factors.

What does Bandura's Social Learning Theory explain?

Learning is a process that occurs within a social context and involves observing behaviors, modeling reinforcement, and cognition.

What was the social learning theory expanded to suggest?

That the social context, environmental factors, the individual and the individual's behavior are intertwined. Signup and view all the answers

Why is Knowledge considered a precondition for behavior change?

It is essential for understanding the reasons behind and the implications of changes in behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does Content Knowledge involve?

Understanding the advantages and drawbacks of a health behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does Procedural Knowledge involve?

Understanding how to engage in a given health behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is perceived self-efficacy?

It is the confidence and ability a person has to adopt health-protective behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does task-specific self-efficacy mean?

Someone's self-efficacy may be strong for one task but weak for another. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-efficacy?

A perception. Signup and view all the answers

What are four methods that can increase perceptions of self-efficacy?

Enactive attainment, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, physiological state. Signup and view all the answers

What is resilient self-efficacy?

The concept of perseverance even when conditions are not ideal. Signup and view all the answers

What is Behavioral Capacity?

The actual ability a person has to perform a given behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What are outcome expectations?

The anticipated outcomes that stem from engaging in the behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Prevention Paradox?

It refers to the difficulty in convincing people that their actions are paying off when no observable benefits are apparent. Signup and view all the answers

What are four factors that outcomes can be thought of along?

<ol> <li>Previous experiences 2. Observational learning 3. Hearing about from others 4. Physiological arousal.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

High observable and short-term outcomes are better than long-term, not observable outcomes.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is reinforcement?

The addition of something good (positive) or the subtraction of something bad (negative). Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of reinforcements?

Extrinsic, intrinsic. Signup and view all the answers

What is extrinsic reinforcement?

Socially structured. Signup and view all the answers

What is intrinsic reinforcement?

Not socially structured. Signup and view all the answers

How do outcome expectancies and self-efficacy work together?

They form the level of motivation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Goal Formation Construct?

Well-defined and easy-to-measure behaviors should be the sub-goals leading to behavioral change. Signup and view all the answers

What do sub-goals provide?

They enhance self-efficacy and expectancies, thus motivating continued behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sociostructural factors construct?

Goal attainment is a function of supporting and impeding factors in a person's environment. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the Reciprocal Triadic Causation model?

Environment, person, behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Sociocultural Environment focus on?

Social norms and community culture. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Suggests that individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating others, reinforced by the outcomes of those behaviors.

Knowledge: Foundation needed for behavior change.
Perceived self-efficacy: Confidence in one's ability to adopt health behaviors.
Outcome expectations: Anticipated results from engaging in a behavior.
Goal formation: Setting clear objectives to guide behavior changes.
Sociocultural factors: Influence of societal norms and culture on behavior.
Reciprocal determinism: Interaction between individual behavior, social context, and environmental factors.

Bandura's Contribution

Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes the social context of learning, involving observation, reinforcement, and cognition.

Expands the concept of interaction among social context, environmental influences, individuals, and behaviors.

Knowledge Types

Content Knowledge: Understanding advantages and disadvantages of health behaviors.
Procedural Knowledge: Understanding how to perform specific health behaviors.

Self-Efficacy

Perceived self-efficacy provides the confidence to adopt health behaviors, though it may not always align with actual ability.
Task-specific self-efficacy varies across different tasks.

Increasing Self-Efficacy

Methods to enhance self-efficacy include:
- Enactive attainment: Gaining confidence through personal success.
- Vicarious experience: Learning through observing others succeed.
- Verbal persuasion: Encouragement from others.
- Physiological state: Positive emotional/physical responses can boost confidence.

Resilient Self-Efficacy

Involves the perseverance to maintain behaviors under challenging conditions.

Behavioral Capacity

Refers to the actual abilities and opportunities available to perform a behavior.

Outcome Expectations

Strong belief in the benefits of a health behavior is necessary before change occurs.

Prevention Paradox

Difficulty in recognizing the benefits of preventive actions due to lack of immediate, observable outcomes.

Observability and Immediacy of Outcomes

Outcomes can be evaluated based on past experiences, observational learning, social persuasion, and physiological reactions to behaviors.

Importance of Observability

High observability and short-term outcomes are generally more motivating than long-term, less observable outcomes.

Reinforcement Types

Can be positive (adding a good stimulus) or negative (removing a negative stimulus).
Types include extrinsic (socially structured rewards) and intrinsic (internal rewards).

Interaction of Outcome Expectancies and Self-Efficacy

Together, they shape an individual's level of motivation toward adopting behaviors.

Goal Formation

Goals should be specific and measurable sub-goals that contribute to a broader behavior change objective.

Role of Sub-goals

Sub-goals enhance self-efficacy and expectations, driving motivation for sustained behavior change.

Sociostructural Factors

Goal achievement depends on the interactive dynamic between supportive and obstructive environmental factors.

Reciprocal Triadic Causation Model

Comprises three elements: Environment, Person, and Behavior that influence each other.

Sociocultural Environment

Emphasizes the significance of social norms and community culture in shaping behaviors.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Social Cognitive Theory with these flashcards from HSCI 431 Chapter 8. Explore key concepts like Social Learning Theory and the five constructs of S.C.T. to enhance your understanding of how behaviors are learned and influenced.