Questions and Answers
What does Social Learning Theory suggest?
People learn new behaviors through observing others, imitating their behavior, and then being reinforced by the observed outcomes of the behavior.
What are the five key constructs of Social Cognitive Theory (S.C.T.)?
Knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goal formation, sociocultural factors.
What does Bandura's Social Learning Theory explain?
Learning is a process that occurs within a social context and involves observing behaviors, modeling reinforcement, and cognition.
What was the social learning theory expanded to suggest?
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Why is Knowledge considered a precondition for behavior change?
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What does Content Knowledge involve?
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What does Procedural Knowledge involve?
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What is perceived self-efficacy?
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What does task-specific self-efficacy mean?
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What is self-efficacy?
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What are four methods that can increase perceptions of self-efficacy?
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What is resilient self-efficacy?
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What is Behavioral Capacity?
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What are outcome expectations?
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What is the Prevention Paradox?
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What are four factors that outcomes can be thought of along?
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High observable and short-term outcomes are better than long-term, not observable outcomes.
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What is reinforcement?
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What are the two types of reinforcements?
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What is extrinsic reinforcement?
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What is intrinsic reinforcement?
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How do outcome expectancies and self-efficacy work together?
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What is the Goal Formation Construct?
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What do sub-goals provide?
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What is the sociostructural factors construct?
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What are the three parts of the Reciprocal Triadic Causation model?
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What does the Sociocultural Environment focus on?
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Study Notes
Social Learning Theory
- Suggests that individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating others, reinforced by the outcomes of those behaviors.
Key Constructs of Social Cognitive Theory
- Knowledge: Foundation needed for behavior change.
- Perceived self-efficacy: Confidence in one's ability to adopt health behaviors.
- Outcome expectations: Anticipated results from engaging in a behavior.
- Goal formation: Setting clear objectives to guide behavior changes.
- Sociocultural factors: Influence of societal norms and culture on behavior.
- Reciprocal determinism: Interaction between individual behavior, social context, and environmental factors.
Bandura's Contribution
- Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes the social context of learning, involving observation, reinforcement, and cognition.
Social Learning Theory Expansion
- Expands the concept of interaction among social context, environmental influences, individuals, and behaviors.
Knowledge Types
- Content Knowledge: Understanding advantages and disadvantages of health behaviors.
- Procedural Knowledge: Understanding how to perform specific health behaviors.
Self-Efficacy
- Perceived self-efficacy provides the confidence to adopt health behaviors, though it may not always align with actual ability.
- Task-specific self-efficacy varies across different tasks.
Increasing Self-Efficacy
- Methods to enhance self-efficacy include:
- Enactive attainment: Gaining confidence through personal success.
- Vicarious experience: Learning through observing others succeed.
- Verbal persuasion: Encouragement from others.
- Physiological state: Positive emotional/physical responses can boost confidence.
Resilient Self-Efficacy
- Involves the perseverance to maintain behaviors under challenging conditions.
Behavioral Capacity
- Refers to the actual abilities and opportunities available to perform a behavior.
Outcome Expectations
- Strong belief in the benefits of a health behavior is necessary before change occurs.
Prevention Paradox
- Difficulty in recognizing the benefits of preventive actions due to lack of immediate, observable outcomes.
Observability and Immediacy of Outcomes
- Outcomes can be evaluated based on past experiences, observational learning, social persuasion, and physiological reactions to behaviors.
Importance of Observability
- High observability and short-term outcomes are generally more motivating than long-term, less observable outcomes.
Reinforcement Types
- Can be positive (adding a good stimulus) or negative (removing a negative stimulus).
- Types include extrinsic (socially structured rewards) and intrinsic (internal rewards).
Interaction of Outcome Expectancies and Self-Efficacy
- Together, they shape an individual's level of motivation toward adopting behaviors.
Goal Formation
- Goals should be specific and measurable sub-goals that contribute to a broader behavior change objective.
Role of Sub-goals
- Sub-goals enhance self-efficacy and expectations, driving motivation for sustained behavior change.
Sociostructural Factors
- Goal achievement depends on the interactive dynamic between supportive and obstructive environmental factors.
Reciprocal Triadic Causation Model
- Comprises three elements: Environment, Person, and Behavior that influence each other.
Sociocultural Environment
- Emphasizes the significance of social norms and community culture in shaping behaviors.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Social Cognitive Theory with these flashcards from HSCI 431 Chapter 8. Explore key concepts like Social Learning Theory and the five constructs of S.C.T. to enhance your understanding of how behaviors are learned and influenced.