HSC Agriculture - Animal Production Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of monogastric animals?

  • They rely solely on microbial digestion.
  • They possess only one stomach. (correct)
  • They can digest cellulose without assistance.
  • They have multiple stomachs for digestion.

    • What is the primary function of saliva in ruminant digestion?

  • To physically break down food during chewing.
  • To provide enzymes that break down starch.
  • To initiate digestion in the stomach.
  • To serve as a chemical pH buffer in the rumen. (correct)

    • Which of the following animals is classified as a ruminant?

  • Pig
  • Chicken
  • Horse
  • Goat (correct)

    • How do ruminants primarily digest cellulose?

    <p>With the help of microbial populations in the rumen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates digestion in monogastric animals?

    <p>Physical and chemical processes in the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of monogastrics compared to ruminants?

    <p>They do not suffer from bloat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary energy source do ruminant animals utilize from digestion?

    <p>Volatile fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if methane accumulates in the rumen?

    <p>It can lead to bloat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are monogastrics unable to upgrade low-quality feeds?

    <p>They digest cellulose poorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are complex carbohydrates primarily digested in ruminants?

    <p>By microbes in the rumen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FSH stimulate in the reproductive cycle?

    <p>Growth of the Graafian follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high progesterone affect the development of ovarian follicles?

    <p>Inhibits the production of FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

    <p>It continues producing progesterone throughout the pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do progesterone and estrogen have on mammary gland development?

    <p>They stimulate growth of mammary glands in preparation for lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do high temperatures have on sperm production?

    <p>Cause abnormal sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates parturition (birth)?

    <p>Complex hormonal interactions between fetus, placenta, and mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for controlling the breeding season in seasonally dependent animals?

    <p>Day length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does prostaglandin have in non-pregnant cows?

    <p>It terminates the normal cycle to allow return to heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a management practice that can help improve the fertility of farm animals?

    <p>Determining optimum mating time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating FSH release after the regression of the corpus luteum?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with high fever and abortion in cows?

    <p>Leptospirosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct impact of maintaining healthy, well-nourished cattle?

    <p>Regular ovulation and high sperm counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can farmers potentially manipulate the breeding cycle of animals?

    <p>Through oestrus synchronisation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of diseases that affect reproductive organs in animals?

    <p>Infertility or reduced reproductive capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cattle?

    <p>It is relatively inexpensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management practice is aimed at removing infertile animals from the breeding population?

    <p>Selective culling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is integrated pest management (IPM)?

    <p>The use of two or more methods to control pests or diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is primarily responsible for causing mastitis?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a management control strategy to reduce mastitis infections?

    <p>Using iodine spray on cow's teats post-milking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of chemical control in an IPM program?

    <p>Resistance development in pathogens due to overuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining hygienic conditions in a dairy important for mastitis control?

    <p>It reduces the buildup of fecal matter that can harbor bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT part of management control for mastitis?

    <p>Using soap instead of iodine post-milking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way that mastitis bacteria are spread among cows?

    <p>Lack of cleanliness in the dairy environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of an integrated pest management (IPM) approach?

    <p>To maintain pest populations at the lowest level possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mulesing in Merino sheep?

    <p>To prevent blowfly strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which conditions should mulesing ideally be performed to reduce stress on the animals?

    <p>During cooler months or dry periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with the mulesing procedure?

    <p>Infection and flystrike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is recommended to reduce the stress on lambs during the mulesing operation?

    <p>Vaccinating lambs prior to mulesing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the integrated pest management (IPM) approach for controlling blowfly strike involve?

    <p>Routine checking and various husbandry activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical area is specifically targeted during the mulesing procedure?

    <p>Breech and tail area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the blowfly is true?

    <p>It lays eggs in the wool of sheep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tools should be used during the mulesing operation to minimize risks to the lamb?

    <p>Sharp and clean implements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    HSC Agriculture - Animal Production

    • This is a subject of HSC Agriculture, specifically Animal Production, covering class notes in detail.
    • Focus is on animal nutrition, ruminant and monogastric digestion, and beneficial relationships between microbes and animals.
    • Also covers the fate of energy in animal nutrition, managing nutritional requirements of monogastrics and ruminants regarding digestive systems, animal growth and development, animal ethics and welfare, reproductive techniques (including artificial insemination, multiple ovulation, flushing, embryo transfer, and oestrus synchronisation), factors that limit fertility of farm animals including genetics, environment, pests, and diseases, as well as management and nutrition.
    • Examines integrated pest management (IPM) programs and experimental animal analysis and research in plant/animal systems.

    Animal Nutrition

    • Digestion is the physical, chemical, and sometimes microbial breakdown of food for animals.
    • Two major digestive systems are monogastric and ruminant.
    • Monogastrics (pigs, poultry, horses) have one stomach and rely on enzymes produced by digestive glands.
    • Ruminants (sheep, cattle, goats) have four stomachs, including a large rumen, with bacteria, protozoa, and fungi for digesting cellulose.

    Fate of Energy in Animal Nutrition

    • Only a part of the total energy in food is available for use by the body.
    • Energy losses occur in urine, faeces, gas, and heat.
    • Energy requirements for animals include maintenance and production.

    Animal Growth and Development

    • The proportions of bone, muscle, and fat change during an animal's life.
    • Older animals have a greater proportion of fat than younger ones and different cuts have different percentages of retail cuts.
    • Muscle and fat scoring are used to grade animal quality.

    Animal Reproduction and Genetics

    • Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandin, FSH, LH) regulate reproduction and behaviour in animals.
    • Oestrus is the period of sexual receptivity in females.
    • Ovulation occurs during or shortly after oestrus.
    • The pituitary gland and ovaries secrete hormones to regulate the oestrus cycle.
    • Progesterone maintains pregnancy.

    Animal Pests and Diseases

    • Microorganisms cause animal disease by entering, multiplying, and leaving the host.
    • Factors affecting infection include pathogen existence, transfer, invasion, and establishment in the host.

    Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

    • IPM programs use two or more control methods for controlling pests and diseases.
    • Mastitis is one example, caused by bacteria entering the udder, with poor milking techniques, dirty milking cups, etc. as some causes.
    • IPM strategies include chemical control, quarantine, cleaning, and eliminating of factors promoting the disease.

    Experimental Design

    • The experimental design for trials involves controls, randomisation, replication, and standardisation of conditions for accurate results.
    • Data analysis includes calculating the mean, standard deviation, and significance test (e.g., standard error).

    Animal Ethics and Welfare

    • Knowledge of animal physical and behavioural characteristics helps in management.
    • Factors such as vision, hearing, herd instinct, and social order affect animal management.
    • Legal restrictions and ethical issues exist relating to animal practices (e.g., mulesing, livestock transport, battery egg production).

    Breeding Systems

    • Breeding systems (inbreeding, linebreeding, outbreeding, crossbreeding) influence animal quality.
    • Factors studied include objective measurement, heritability, and use of breeding programs.

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    HSC Agriculture - Animal Production Notes & Classwork Instructions PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of Animal Production in HSC Agriculture. This quiz examines animal nutrition, digestion in monogastric and ruminant systems, and ethical practices in animal welfare. Additionally, it covers reproductive techniques and factors affecting fertility in farm animals.

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