HSC 3502 Exam Content Overview

<p>To maintain heart rhythm and coordinate contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent heart murmur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treadmill test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear and anxiety about being outside (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was shown to Christina to assess her condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Music therapists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart pumped well but couldn't relax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underlying genetic conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce vertigo and dizziness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to hear some sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incising the eardrum to release pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a unique identity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large-area audio loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional concerns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boxing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of social isolation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid ototoxic drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To combat stiffness and enhance mobility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Represents 75-80% of Parkinson's disease cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tremors or shaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental exposure to toxins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tremors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hoehn and Yahr Scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to herbicides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe hair loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbidopa-levodopa therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular dementia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>21-50 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single-photon emission computerized tomography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive alcohol consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular care by neurologists can significantly improve outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic inflammatory response leading to plaque buildup (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest pain radiating to the left arm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stable angina is predictable and triggered by activity, while unstable angina is not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor sleep and high caffeine intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart failure involves gradual deterioration, while cardiac arrest is sudden cessation of heart function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncontrolled high blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation caused by bacterial infection in heart chambers/valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac resynchronization therapy using pacemakers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood flows backward into the atria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rate exceeding 100 bpm and below 60 bpm respectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive deficits and unexpected weight gain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases risk fivefold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying triggers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120/80 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amyloid plaques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entorhinal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory and planning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuropsychologists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Donepezil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wandering and confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer’s Disease by 2025 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruption of neuron transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are both genetic and environmental factors at play. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total assistance with activities of daily living (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular physical and mental exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring safety from wandering and aggression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rare heart condition where the heart's ability to expand and fill with blood is limited.

Diagnosis started with a heart murmur leading to echo and EKG tests, culminating in a treadmill stress test.

Extreme tiredness, difficulty with physical activity, and limitations in participating in daily activities like recess or sleepovers.

This condition often impacts one's ability to pursue sports or strenuous activities.

The condition impacts Nina's participation in sports but allows her to choose acting and singing instead.

Nina faced a transplant delay due to complications (pneumonia) and was ultimately successful in receiving a heart transplant.

In Nina's case, the importance of support staff (music therapist, child life specialists, etc.) and additional support for both the child and the family is highlighted.

Health professionals should be mindful of creating a nurturing and supportive environment for their young patients.

The heart muscle; the site of a heart attack.

Blood that has given up its oxygen to the body's tissues.

A heart valve that has issues sometimes; ensuring one-way blood flow.

The heart's natural pacemaker, initiating electrical activity.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Irregular heart rate

A type of arteriosclerosis where plaque builds up in arteries

Hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries due to aging

Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart, often from blockage.

Sudden cessation of heart function.

Heart attack; death of heart muscle tissue due to lack of oxygen.

120/80 mmHg

High blood pressure.

Ineffective left side of the heart

Ineffective right side of the heart

Inadequate blood supply to the heart

Irregular, rapid beating of the atria of the heart

Valve doesn't close completely, often creating backward blood flow

Inflammation of the heart chambers or valves caused by bacteria

Inflammation of the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart

Hearing aids that amplify sound in both ears, enhancing sound localization and understanding speech in noisy environments.

A feature in hearing aids that allows them to pick up magnetic signals from devices like loops, improving sound quality in specific settings.

Electronic devices surgically implanted to directly stimulate the auditory nerve, providing sound perception for individuals with severe hearing loss.

Training and therapy programs that help individuals with hearing loss learn to use their residual hearing effectively, maximize communication skills, and adapt to their hearing loss.

A distinct culture shared by individuals who are deaf, emphasizing visual communication (ASL), unique customs, and community identity.

Discrimination against Deaf individuals based on their hearing status, often leading to prejudice and exclusion.

Specialized therapy that uses exercises to improve balance, reduce dizziness, and manage symptoms associated with inner ear disorders.

The process of gradually reducing dizziness by repeated exposure to stimuli that trigger the symptoms, making the brain less sensitive to them.

A progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, causing tremors, rigidity, slowness, and difficulty with coordination.

Activities that involve repetitive and coordinated motions, such as cycling, swimming, or dancing, which can be beneficial for individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

A progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss, thinking and behavioral problems. It is the most common cause of dementia.

Clumps of a protein called amyloid-beta that accumulate in the brain, disrupting cell function.

Twisted fibers of another protein called tau that build up inside brain cells, interfering with communication.

A brain region important for memory and learning, significantly affected in Alzheimer's.

A seahorse-shaped brain structure crucial for forming new memories.

The outer layer of the brain responsible for higher-level functions like language, reasoning, and social behavior.

A US law aimed at accelerating Alzheimer's research, improving care, and supporting affected individuals and families.

A brief screening tool for cognitive impairment, involving remembering three words and drawing a clock.

A widely used dementia screening test that assesses mental abilities like orientation, memory, and language.

The early stage before symptoms appear, when brain changes are already occurring.

A stage with mild cognitive changes that do not significantly affect daily life.

A stage with noticeable memory loss, difficulty with problem-solving, and changes in personality.

A stage with increasing confusion, poor judgment, and the need for help with daily activities.

The final stage with significant cognitive decline, loss of communication abilities, and dependence on others for all care.

A doctor specializing in the care of older adults.

A psychologist who specializes in assessing cognitive function and brain disorders.

A neurodegenerative disease where the brain's dopamine-producing cells die, leading to progressive deterioration of movement, speech, and other bodily functions.

Abnormal aggregates of protein found in the substantia nigra of people with Parkinson's Disease. These clumps disrupt dopamine production, leading to the disease's symptoms.

Involuntary, rhythmic shaking, often seen as a pill-rolling motion. Typically affects one side of the body, often starting in one hand.

Slowness of movement, affecting both initiation and execution. This can manifest as difficulty with blinking, walking, swallowing, and other automatic movements.

Involuntary, erratic, writhing movements, usually a side effect of levodopa treatment. Seen in the face, arms, legs, and trunk.

Difficulty maintaining balance, leading to shuffling gait, stooped posture, and lack of arm swing while walking.

Stiffness in muscles, causing a mask-like face and difficulty with movement. Can interfere with sleep and lead to freezing episodes.

Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) leading to aspiration, pneumonia, and drooling; hypophonia (soft speech) causing decreased volume and sometimes hoarseness.

The most common type of Parkinson's, accounting for 75-80% of cases. It can be either sporadic (caused by environmental factors) or familial (inherited).

Parkinson's Disease caused by factors other than the typical death of dopamine-producing cells, such as drug ingestion, toxic exposure, or other neurological conditions.

Parkinson's Disease diagnosed between the ages of 21-50. It shares many similarities with the classic form but often shows a slower progression, more frequent dystonia, and greater side effects from medications.

Early warning signs of Parkinson's Disease before a diagnosis is officially made. These include tremors, changes in walking, handwriting difficulties, and fatigue.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter vital for regulating movement, mood, and other functions. In Parkinson's, the death of dopamine-producing cells leads to a lack of dopamine, causing the characteristic movement problems.

A simple rating scale used to classify the severity of Parkinson's Disease from Stage 0 (no symptoms) to Stage 5 (most advanced).

A more comprehensive tool for assessing both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. It includes sections on behavior, mood, activities of daily living, motor abilities, and complications of therapy.