14 Questions
Which type of cancer is caused by HPV 16 and 18?
Anogenital carcinoma
What is the function of E6 and E7 proteins encoded by HPV?
To promote the proteolysis of p53 and RB
What is the purpose of the Pap smear test?
To screen for cervical cancer
What is the name of the inactivated quadrivalent vaccine that protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18?
Gardasil
What is the association between HPV 6 and 11?
They cause laryngeal papillomatosis and anal genital warts
What is the effect of HPV on the cell cycle?
It promotes the progression from G1 to S phase
What is the most common STD associated with HPV?
HPV infection
What is the primary method by which HPV is acquired?
Through broken skin or sex
What is the characteristic of koilocytes?
Enlarged keratinocytes with clear haloes and shrunken nuclei
What percentage of genital warts are caused by HPV-6 and 11?
90%
Which HPV serotypes are associated with pre-neoplastic lesions?
16, 18, 31, and 35
What is the result of hyperkeratosis in HPV infection?
Thickening of stratum corneum
What is the most common site for cutaneous warts?
Hands and feet
What is the characteristic appearance of genital warts?
Soft, flesh-colored, and cauliflower-shaped
Study Notes
HPV Types and Associated Conditions
- HPV 1 and 4: cause cutaneous common warts (verruca Vulgaris), often seen in kids
- HPV 6 and 11: cause Laryngeal Papillomatosis (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), anal genital warts (condyloma accumulata), and are often seen in 6 and 11-year-olds
- HPV 16 and 18: cause anogenital carcinoma (Squamous Cell Carcinoma), and are often seen in 16 and 18-year-olds
- HPV 31 and 33: also cause anogenital carcinoma (Squamous Cell Carcinoma), remember by adding 15 to 16 and 18
HPV Vaccine and Infection
- Gardasil: inactivated quadrivalent vaccine, protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18
- HPV: most common STD
- HPV infection: acquired by broken skin, sex, or birth canal, and infects the basal layer epithelial cells
Cellular Mechanism and Cancer Risk
- HPV: able to upset the cell cycle, tumor suppressor proteins p53 and RB stop the advancement from G1 to S phase
- HPV encodes E6 and E7: promote the proteolysis of p53 and RB, increasing the risk of cancer
- E6: cracks p53 like a crab cracker, allowing the cell cycle to progress
- E7: attacks RB, preventing it from stopping the cell cycle
Cancer Screening and Risk Factors
- Pap smear: cervical cancer screening, sampled from the transformation zone to detect morphological changes
- Koilocytes: enlarged keratinocytes with clear haloes and shrunken nuclei, indicating HPV infection
- Immunocompromised individuals, especially with HIV, are at higher risk for anal or penile cancer
HPV-Related Lesions
- Cutaneous warts: appear on hands and feet, caused by HPV 2 and 4 (plantar warts are caused by HPV 1)
- Genital warts: soft, flesh-colored, flat, raised, and cauliflower-shaped, usually asymptomatic, 90% caused by HPV-6 and 11
This quiz is about the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its effects on the human body, including different types of warts and diseases it causes.
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