10 Questions
What is Gandhi's full name?
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
What method did Gandhi employ to lead India's successful independence campaign?
Peaceful resistance
What inspired movements across the world did Gandhi's actions inspire?
Civil rights and freedom
When and where was Gandhi born?
October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India
Where did Gandhi first employ nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights?
South Africa
What were some of the nationwide campaigns Gandhi led in India after returning in 1915?
Easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and achieving self-rule
What was Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on?
Religious pluralism
What did Gandhi establish in South Africa to nurture his policy of peaceful resistance?
A farm
What did Gandhi lead to protest against the British salt tax?
The Salt Satyagraha (Salt March
What did the Rowlatt Act, passed by the British government, lead to?
The satyagraha civil disobedience movement
Study Notes
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist.
- He employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
- Gandhi inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
- He was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, and died on January 30, 1948.
- Gandhi lived in South Africa for 21 years where he first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights.
- He returned to India in 1915 and led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and achieving self-rule.
- Gandhi was imprisoned many times and for many years in both South Africa and India.
- He was assassinated by a militant Hindu nationalist on January 30, 1948, in Delhi.
- Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged in the early 1940s by Muslim nationalism.
- Gandhi is considered the Father of the Nation in India and was commonly called Bapu (Gujarati endearment for 'father', 'papa').
- Gandhi dropped out of college in Bombay and was advised to study law in London by a family friend.
- He made a vow to abstain from meat, alcohol, and women to persuade his wife and mother to let him go to London.
- Gandhi attended University College, London and enrolled at Inner Temple to become a barrister.
- He had a keen interest in the welfare of London's impoverished dockland communities.
- In London, Gandhi joined the London Vegetarian Society and was elected to its executive committee.
- Gandhi challenged authority for the first time when he defended Thomas Allinson's right to differ on birth control methods at the LVS committee meeting.
- Gandhi was called to the bar in June 1891 and returned to India, where he failed to establish a law practice in Bombay.
- In 1893, Gandhi went to South Africa to be a lawyer for a Muslim merchant's cousin and faced discrimination due to his skin colour and heritage.
- Gandhi stayed in South Africa for 21 years and developed his political views, ethics, and politics.
- Gandhi helped found the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 and moulded the Indian community of South Africa into a unified political force.
- Gandhi was trained and medically certified to serve on the front lines during the Battle of Colenso and Spion Kop.
- In 1906, Gandhi adopted his methodology of Satyagraha, or nonviolent protest, for the first time in response to the Transvaal government's new Act compelling registration of Indian and Chinese populations.
- Gandhi initially focused on the racial persecution of Indians in South Africa before turning his attention to racism against Africans.
- Gandhi formed the Natal Indian Congress and entered politics after experiencing discrimination and bullying by white officials.
- Gandhi's views on racism are contentious, but he later served and helped Africans as nurses and by opposing racism.
- Gandhi established the Tolstoy Farm near Johannesburg in 1910 to nurture his policy of peaceful resistance.
- Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, taking leadership in 1920 and escalating demands for independence.
- Gandhi and the Congress withdrew support for the British Raj when the Viceroy declared war on Germany in September 1939 without consultation.
- Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants for World War I, but stipulated that he personally would not kill or injure anyone.
- Gandhi's major achievements include the Champaran agitation in Bihar in 1917 and the Kheda agitations in 1918.
- Gandhi organized a signature campaign and social boycott in Kheda to protest against revenue collection by the British.
- He supported the Khilafat movement to gain political cooperation from Muslims against British imperialism.
- Gandhi's support for the Khilafat movement led to temporary Hindu-Muslim communal harmony.
- Gandhi declared that British rule in India would collapse if Indians refused to cooperate.
- The Rowlatt Act, passed by the British government, led to the satyagraha civil disobedience movement.
- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre led Gandhi to shift his attention to swaraj and political independence for India.
- Gandhi expanded his nonviolent non-cooperation platform to include the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods.
- The appeal of "Non-cooperation" grew, drawing participation from all strata of Indian society.
- Gandhi was arrested, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
- Gandhi led the Salt Satyagraha (Salt March) to protest against the British salt tax.
Test your knowledge on the inspiring life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the Father of the Nation in India. This quiz covers his early life, his activism, his leadership in the Indian National Congress, and his nonviolent resistance campaigns that led to India's independence from British rule. Learn about Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha, his fight against discrimination and racism, and his enduring legacy as a symbol of peace and freedom. Put your history knowledge to the test with this informative and engaging
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