30 Questions
Where was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born?
Porbandar, India
Gandhi's nonviolent resistance was first employed in which country?
South Africa
What was Gandhi's occupation and what did he advocate for?
Gandhi was an Indian nationalist leader and nonviolence advocate.
What method did Gandhi use to lead India's successful campaign for independence from British rule?
Gandhi employed nonviolent resistance.
What was the main focus of Gandhi's nationwide campaigns in India?
Expanding women's rights
What was the main method Gandhi used to lead India's independence movement?
Peaceful protests
What was the vision of an independent India that Gandhi had?
Based on religious pluralism
Which of the following did Gandhi not campaign for in India?
Promoting communism
What impact did Gandhi have on civil rights and freedom movements across the world?
He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
What happened after India gained independence in 1947?
Religious violence broke out
What was the reason for Gandhi's hunger strikes after India gained independence?
To stop religious violence
When and where was Gandhi born and when did he die?
Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, and died on January 30, 1948, in Delhi, India.
What did Gandhi do in South Africa to protest against discrimination?
He protested against the discrimination and helped found the Natal Indian Congress.
Where did Gandhi study law and what did he do after studying?
Gandhi studied law in London and practiced in India for a short time before moving to South Africa in 1893.
What did Gandhi do during the Boer War?
He formed a group of combatants to support the British
What was Gandhi's first experience with nonviolent resistance and where did it take place?
Gandhi first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights in South Africa.
What was the purpose of the signature campaign initiated by Gandhi in Kheda, Gujarat?
To pledge non-payment of revenue
What did Gandhi establish near Johannesburg in 1910?
A farm for peaceful resistance
What did Gandhi expand his nonviolent non-co-operation platform to include?
Swadeshi policy
What did Gandhi demand in 1942?
Immediate independence
What campaigns did Gandhi lead after returning to India in 1915?
Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, and achieving self-rule.
What challenged Gandhi's vision of an independent India and when did it happen?
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged by Muslim nationalism in the early 1940s.
What was Gandhi's punishment after being arrested for sedition in 1922?
He was sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
What did Gandhi do during World War I?
He recruited combatants but personally did not kill or injure anybody
What did Gandhi do to stop religious violence after India gained independence in 1947?
Gandhi undertook several hunger strikes to stop religious violence after India gained independence in 1947.
What did Gandhi support during the Khilafat movement?
The Turkish Caliph
What was the Khilafat movement that Gandhi supported?
A movement to support the Ottoman Empire
What is Gandhi's birthday commemorated as in India?
Gandhi Jayanti
What was the swadeshi policy that Gandhi urged people to follow?
The boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods
How did Gandhi die and what is the significance of his birthday?
Gandhi was assassinated by a militant Hindu nationalist in 1948, and his birthday, October 2, is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti.
Study Notes
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian nationalist leader and nonviolence advocate.
- He employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
- He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
- Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, and died on January 30, 1948, in Delhi, India.
- He studied law in London and practiced in India for a short time before moving to South Africa in 1893.
- Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights in South Africa.
- He returned to India in 1915 and led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, and achieving self-rule.
- Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged by Muslim nationalism in the early 1940s.
- After India gained independence in 1947, religious violence broke out, and Gandhi undertook several hunger strikes to stop it.
- Gandhi was assassinated by a militant Hindu nationalist in 1948, and his birthday, October 2, is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti.
- Gandhi was advised by a family friend to study law in London.
- He made a vow to abstain from meat, alcohol, and women to persuade his wife and mother to let him go.
- Gandhi attended University College London and enrolled at Inner Temple to become a barrister.
- He showed interest in the welfare of London's impoverished dockland communities.
- Gandhi joined the London Vegetarian Society and was elected to its executive committee.
- He defended a committee member's right to differ, despite disagreement from the society's president and benefactor.
- Gandhi was called to the bar in June 1891 but failed to establish a law practice in Bombay.
- In 1893, he went to South Africa to work as a lawyer and faced discrimination due to his skin colour and heritage.
- Gandhi protested against the discrimination and helped found the Natal Indian Congress.
- During the Boer War, Gandhi formed a group of stretcher-bearers to support British combat troops against the Boers.
- Gandhi was trained and medically certified to serve on the front lines during the Battle of Colenso and Spion Kop.
- In 1906, he adopted Satyagraha, or nonviolent protest, for the first time in response to the Transvaal government's new Act compelling registration of the colony's Indian and Chinese populations.
- Gandhi initially focused on Indians and Africans while in South Africa, but later served and helped Africans as nurses and by opposing racism.
- He established Tolstoy Farm near Johannesburg in 1910 to nurture his policy of peaceful resistance.
- Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, taking leadership in 1920 and escalating demands for independence until 1930.
- The British did not recognize the independence declaration but negotiations ensued, with the Congress taking a role in provincial government in the late 1930s.
- Gandhi demanded immediate independence in 1942, and the British responded by imprisoning him and tens of thousands of Congress leaders.
- The Muslim League moved to demands for a totally separate Muslim state of Pakistan, which Gandhi strongly opposed.
- Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants during World War I, but stipulated that he personally would not kill or injure anybody.
- His major achievements included the Champaran agitation in Bihar in 1917 and the Kheda agitations in 1918.
- Gandhi initiated a signature campaign in Kheda, Gujarat, where peasants pledged non-payment of revenue even under the threat of confiscation of land.
- A social boycott of revenue officials accompanied the agitation.
- Gandhi worked hard to win public support for the agitation across the country.
- In 1919, Gandhi sought political co-operation from Muslims in his fight against British imperialism by supporting the Ottoman Empire.
- Gandhi supported the Khilafat movement, wherein Sunni Muslims in India championed the Turkish Caliph as a solidarity symbol of the Sunni Islamic community.
- The increasing Muslim support for Gandhi, after he championed the Caliph's cause, temporarily stopped the Hindu-Muslim communal violence.
- Gandhi expanded his nonviolent non-co-operation platform to include the swadeshi policy – the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods.
- Gandhi urged the people to boycott British institutions and law courts, to resign from government employment, and to forsake British titles and honours.
- Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
- Gandhi was released in February 1924 and continued to pursue swaraj.
How well do you know Mahatma Gandhi? Test your knowledge with our quiz on the life and achievements of one of the most influential figures of the 20th century. From his early years in London to his adoption of Satyagraha in South Africa, and his leadership in the Indian independence movement, this quiz will challenge you on the key events and ideas that shaped Gandhi's life. Discover his enduring legacy as a champion of nonviolence, religious pluralism, and social justice, and
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