70 Questions
What is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?
To produce hydrogen and chloride ions for hydrochloric acid production
What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?
To chemically digest food
What are the three layers of smooth muscle tissue in the stomach responsible for?
Mechanical digestion
Animals require ______ for energy and as building blocks of cells and tissues.
organic molecules
What are the components of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and carbohydrates
Which of the following is true about essential nutrients in animals?
They must be supplied by the diet.
What are the three types of organic molecules that animals require for chemical energy and carbon?
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Which of the following is the correct order of food processing in mammals?
Mechanical digestion in the oral cavity, nutrient absorption in the small intestine, chemical digestion in the mouth, waste consolidation in the large intestine
Which nutrients are considered essential?
Essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals
Which organ receives secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas for digestion and absorption?
The small intestine
What is the role of chief cells in the stomach?
To secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion
What is the function of the duodenum in the small intestine?
Secretion of digestive enzymes
Plasma membrane of a cell is composed of phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and ______.
carbohydrates
What is the function of salivary glands in the digestive system?
To secrete substances for chemical digestion in the mouth
What is the main purpose of the digestive system in animals?
To break down food to extract nutrients for the body's cells.
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids that humans cannot synthesize from other nutrients
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
To reabsorb water and consolidate waste
Which animal phylum lacks a digestive system?
Sponges
Which part of the small intestine is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?
Jejunum
Which of the following is a feature of the stomach that aids in chemical digestion?
Three overlapping sheets of smooth muscle tissue
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
What is the role of the large intestine in digestion?
Water reabsorption
Essential nutrients include essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and ______.
minerals
What are essential fatty acids important for?
Phospholipids in cells and cognitive function
Which type of digestion involves enzymes from the pancreas and epithelial cells to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?
Chemical digestion
Which fatty acids are essential for the body?
Omega-3 and omega-6
What is the function of bile in digestion?
To emulsify fats
What are vitamins?
Essential nutrients that play important roles in cellular respiration and energy metabolism
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
To absorb water-soluble nutrients
What is the primary function of the salivary glands?
Chemical digestion
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
To increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
9 amino acids are ______ and must be supplied by the diet.
essential
What aids in chemical digestion in the small intestine?
Pancreatic enzymes and bile
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
Secretion of digestive enzymes
How do water-soluble nutrients and fatty acids differ in their absorption in the small intestine?
Water-soluble nutrients cross into blood capillaries, while fatty acids enter lacteal vessels.
What is the role of vitamins in the body?
Energy production
Which of the following is an inorganic nutrient?
Minerals
What is the purpose of saliva in the digestive system?
To chemically digest food
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are ______ for the body.
essential
What is pepsin?
A digestive enzyme produced by the stomach.
Where do long-chain fatty acids enter after being absorbed in the small intestine?
Lacteal vessel
What is the main function of the large intestine in digestion?
To reabsorb water
Vitamins play a crucial role in energy metabolism and are either water-soluble or ______-soluble.
lipid
What is the function of the ceca in herbivorous animals?
Bacterial digestion of fibrous plant material
How do sponges digest food?
Intracellularly
What is the role of the ceca in herbivorous animals?
To aid in bacterial digestion of fibrous plant material
Which organ secretes substances for chemical digestion in the stomach?
Gastric glands
What is the function of minerals in the body?
Fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and cellular function
What is the function of chylomicrons?
To transport lipids through the lymphatic system.
What is the function of the stomach in the mammalian digestive system?
Chemical digestion
What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
To reabsorb water and consolidate waste for elimination
How do sponges digest food?
Intracellularly
Minerals are ______ and essential for fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and cellular function.
inorganic
What is the microbiome?
The bacterial cells in the large intestine that interact with the human diet
What is the primary nutrient absorbed in the lymphatic system?
Lipids
Which of the following is NOT a segment of the small intestine?
Colon
What is the main difference between one-way and two-way digestive systems?
The presence of specialized compartments
What is the main function of gastric glands in the stomach?
To secrete substances for chemical digestion
Why are digestive issues difficult to diagnose and treat?
Due to the complexity of the human microbiome
Which segment of the small intestine is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?
The jejunum
What is the function of bile in digestion?
To emulsify fat for digestion and absorption
Why are digestive issues difficult to diagnose and treat?
Because the digestive system is too complex
Sponges lack a digestive system and digest food ______.
intracellularly
Why are digestive issues difficult to diagnose and treat?
Because the human microbiome is computationally irreducible
What is the function of the appendix in the digestive system?
To play a role in immune function
What is the function of the liver in digestion?
To store bile
How are long-chain fatty acids absorbed?
They are absorbed by chylomicrons
What is the importance of the cecum in the digestive system of herbivores?
To aid in the digestion of plant material
How are chylomicrons transported through the body?
Through the lymphatic system
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion involves breaking down food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion involves breaking down food using enzymes.
Study Notes
- The lesson covers animal nutrition and digestive organ systems.
- Three learning outcomes are: identifying nutrients animals seek out, comparing digestive system evolution across phyla, and describing the mammalian digestive system.
- Animals require organic molecules for chemical energy and carbon, obtained from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
- Essential nutrients include essential amino acids, which humans cannot synthesize from other nutrients.
- Essential fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, are important for phospholipids in cells and cognitive function.
- Vitamins are essential nutrients that play important roles in cellular respiration and energy metabolism.
- Minerals are the only essential inorganic nutrients.
- Sponges lack a digestive system and digest food intracellularly.
- One-way digestive systems have a gastrovascular cavity for digestion, absorption, and elimination.
- Two-way digestive systems have specialized compartments for mechanical and chemical digestion.
- The oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus are involved in the two-way digestive system of mammals.
- The stomach uses smooth muscle tissue for peristalsis and has accessory glands for chemical digestion.1. Pepsinogen becomes pepsin to digest proteins.
- Pepsin accelerates the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin.
- Positive feedback mechanism is initiated by the presence of proteins in the stomach.
- Chyme moves from the stomach to the small intestine.
- Small intestine has a finger-like jungle architecture for nutrient absorption.
- Chemical digestion in the small intestine includes the breakdown of polysaccharides, disaccharides, and proteins.
- Bile emulsifies fat for digestion and absorption.
- Water-soluble nutrients and short-chain fatty acids cross into blood capillaries.
- Long-chain fatty acids are absorbed by chylomicrons.
- Chylomicrons are too big for blood capillaries and enter the lacteal vessel for transport through the lymphatic system.
Test your knowledge on animal nutrition and digestive organ systems with this informative quiz! From identifying essential nutrients to comparing digestive system evolution across phyla, this quiz covers it all. Learn about the importance of vitamins and minerals, as well as the differences between one-way and two-way digestive systems. Challenge yourself with questions on the mammalian digestive system and the mechanics of chemical digestion. Whether you're a biology student or just interested in animal anatomy, this quiz is sure to test your understanding of animal nutrition and digestive
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