25 Questions
What is a statistical hypothesis?
An assertion or conjecture about one or more populations that may or may not be true
What is the null hypothesis?
The hypothesis that an apparent effect is due to chance
When are one-tailed tests used?
When interested in the extreme values that are greater than or less than a comparative value
What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?
To test the results of a survey or experiment to see if they are meaningful
What is the null hypothesis?
The hypothesis that an apparent effect is due to chance
What is the critical region or rejection region?
The set of values of the test statistic for which the null hypothesis will be rejected
What is the alternative hypothesis?
The operational statement of the theory that the investigator believes to be true
What is the alternative hypothesis?
The hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause
What is the test statistic?
The value calculated from sample measurements and on which the statistical decision will be based
What is the critical region?
The set of values of the test statistic for which the null hypothesis will be rejected
What were the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted for?
Primarily to reduce extreme poverty
When are one-tailed tests used?
When interested only in extreme values greater than or less than a comparative value
What was the deadline for the accomplishment of the eight MDGs?
2015
What is the decision rule?
The procedure that a researcher uses to decide whether to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis.
When are two-tailed tests used?
When interested in determining if things are different or not equal
What is the percentage of people in extreme poverty in developing countries in 2015?
14%
What is a Type I error?
A false positive
What is the test statistic?
A value calculated from sample measurements and on which the statistical decision will be based
What is the percentage of the global population that had an improved source of drinking water in 2015?
91%
What is a Type II error?
A false negative
What is the decision rule?
A procedure used to decide whether to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis
What is the number of out-of-school children of primary school age in 2015?
57 million
What is the significance level?
A pre-chosen probability.
How many Sustainable Development Goals and targets are included in the 2030 Development Agenda?
17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets
What is a type II error?
False acceptance of the null hypothesis
Study Notes
- The term sustainability has no commonly agreed definition.
- Sustainability is interwoven with activities pertaining to globalization and economic development.
- Sustainability consists of actions done at the individual or governmental level that are motivated by the common goal of protecting the natural environment for the benefit of future generations.
- Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- The Earth Charter outlines the building of a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the 21st century.
- Agenda 21 emphasizes that broad public participation in making decisions is an essential prerequisite to attain sustainable development.
- The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted in 2000 to primarily reduce extreme poverty.
- The accomplishment of the eight MDGs had a deadline that was set in 2015.
- Assessments were made concerning the success in achieving the MDGs after the deadline set in 2015.
- The United Nations remains proud of the remarkable achievements of the MDGs.
- The proportion of people in extreme poverty in developing countries decreased from 50% in 1990 to 14% in 2015.
- The number of chronically undernourished people in developing countries decreased from 23% in 1990 to under 13% today.
- The number of out-of-school children of primary school age decreased from 100 million in 2000 to 57 million in 2015.
- Women make up 41% of paid workers outside agriculture, an increase from 35% in 1990.
- Under-five child deaths decreased from 13 million in 1990 to 6 million in 2015.
- New HIV infections dropped by 40% between 2000 and 2013.
- Tuberculosis interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives between 2000 and 2013.
- 91% of the global population had an improved source of drinking water in 2015, compared to 76% in 1990.
- Official development assistance rose by 66% between 2000 and 2014.
- The 2030 Development Agenda contains 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets.
Test your knowledge on sustainability and global development with this informative quiz. From the definition of sustainability to the accomplishments of the Millennium Development Goals, this quiz covers a range of topics related to building a just, peaceful, and sustainable global society. Whether you are an expert on the subject or just getting started, this quiz is a great way to learn more about the crucial issues facing our world today.
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