96 Questions
Where do B lymphocytes come from?
The bone marrow
Where do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes come from?
B lymphocytes come from bone marrow and T lymphocytes come from the thymus gland
What is the role of cortisol in the relationship between stress and the immune system?
It suppresses immune activity
Where do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes come from?
B lymphocytes come from bone marrow and T lymphocytes come from the thymus gland
Where do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes come from?
B lymphocytes come from the bone marrow and T lymphocytes come from the thymus gland
Where do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes come from?
B lymphocytes come from bone marrow and T lymphocytes come from the thymus gland
Where do B lymphocytes come from?
Bone marrow
Which theory suggests that emotions are based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling?
Schachter-Singer theory
What is the main output nucleus for fear processing?
Central nucleus
What can suppress the activity of the immune system?
Stress
What is the source of B lymphocytes?
The bone marrow
What can suppress the activity of the immune system?
Cortisol
What is the role of cortisol in the relationship between stress and the immune system?
Cortisol suppresses the activity of the immune system.
Which hormone can suppress the activity of the immune system during stress?
Cortisol
What is the effect of stress on the immune system?
Stress can suppress the activity of the immune system via cortisol
What is the effect of stress on the immune system?
It can suppress the activity of the immune system via cortisol.
What can cause a reduction in B and T cells?
Chronic stress
What can chronic stress cause a reduction in?
B and T cells
What did Keller study in 1983?
The relationship between stress and the immune system.
What effect does chronic stress have on B and T cells?
It causes a reduction
Which hormone influences emotion recognition abilities?
Oxytocin
What can chronic stress cause?
A reduction in B and T cells.
What can cause a reduction in B and T cells?
Chronic stress
What can chronic stress cause in the immune system?
A reduction in B and T cells
What is alexithymia?
A psychological trait characterized by difficulty in identifying and describing feelings
What is the effect of inescapable shock on B and T cells?
It causes a reduction
What can also reduce B and T cells?
Inescapable shock
What happens to immune system functioning during chronic stress?
It reduces.
What is the effect of inescapable shock on the immune system?
It can reduce the activity of the immune system
What can also reduce B and T cells?
Inescapable shock
What can also reduce B and T cells?
Inescapable shock
What can inescapable shock cause?
A reduction in B and T cells.
Which brain region is important for cognitive empathy?
Inferior frontal gyrus
What happens to the immune response to antigen when the adrenal gland is removed?
It is enhanced
What is the relationship between cortisol and the stress response?
Cortisol plays a role in the relationship between stress and the immune system
Which of the following can modify the stress response?
Social support
What did Keller study in 1983?
The effects of chronic stress on the immune system
What happens to the immune response to antigen when the adrenal gland is removed?
It is unaffected
What happens to the immune response to antigen when the adrenal gland is removed?
It stays the same
What is the effect of removing the adrenal gland on immune changes due to shock?
No effect
What is the role of the amygdala in recognizing threats in the environment?
It enhances threat recognition
Who conducted a study on chronic stress and the immune system in 1983?
Keller
Which questionnaire is used to measure empathy?
Empathy Components Questionnaire (ECQ
Who conducted a study on chronic stress and the immune system in 1983?
Keller
Who conducted a study on chronic stress and the immune system in 1983?
Keller
What is the immune response to antigen when the adrenal gland is removed?
Normal
What is the effect of chronic stress on wound healing?
Wounds take longer to heal in individuals experiencing chronic stress
What is the HPA axis?
A system that regulates the stress response
Who conducted a study on chronic stress and the immune system in 1983?
Keller
Which theory suggests that the thalamus is the mediating center in the brain for emotional responses?
Cannon-Bard theory
What is the relationship between cortisol and the stress response?
Cortisol plays a role in the relationship between stress and the immune system.
What are some negative effects of chronic stress on the immune system?
Decreased B and T cells
What is the effect of stress on memory retrieval?
It impairs memory retrieval
What is PTSD associated with?
Decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex.
What are some ways to modify the stress response?
Having a sense of predictability
Which brain region regulates the stress response?
The prefrontal cortex
What is the effect of social anxiety disorder on the amygdala?
It increases activation
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in regulating the stress response?
It regulates the stress response
How can experimental tests of stress be conducted?
Through MRI scans
Which strategy is used to reduce levels of negative emotional experience?
Cognitive reappraisal
What is the effect of chronic stress on wound healing in caregivers?
Wounds take longer to heal.
What disorder is associated with decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex?
PTSD
What is the effect of chronic stress on the immune system?
Negative
What plays a role in the relationship between stress and the immune system?
Cortisol
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in regulating the stress response?
It regulates the stress response
What plays a role in the relationship between stress and the immune system?
Cortisol
What is associated with decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex?
PTSD
What disorder is associated with increased activation in the amygdala?
Social anxiety disorder
Which brain region plays an important role in emotional regulation and decision making?
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
What happens to memory retrieval during stress?
It is impaired
What happens to immune system responses during exams in medical students?
They are suppressed
What can reduce immune system functioning?
Chronic stress
What is the effect of prenatal stress on metabolism and cortisol levels in adults?
It permanently affects metabolism and cortisol levels
What happens to immune system responses during exams in medical students?
They become weaker
What can modify the stress response?
Outlets for frustration
What is the role of the amygdala in recognizing threats?
It is involved in recognizing threats in the environment.
What is associated with increased activation in the amygdala?
Specific phobia
What is the effect of chronic stress on wound healing in caregivers?
Slower healing
What is the effect of stress on memory retrieval?
Memory retrieval is impaired during stress
Which type of empathy involves feeling what another person is feeling?
Affective empathy
What is the effect of stress on the consolidation of emotional memories?
Stress enhances the consolidation of emotional memories
Which part of the brain regulates the stress response?
Prefrontal cortex
What is the process model of emotion regulation?
A model that treats each step in the emotion-generative process as a potential target for regulation
What is the effect of prenatal stress on adults?
It can affect metabolism and cortisol levels permanently.
What can modify the stress response?
Outlets for frustration
What enhances consolidation of emotional memories?
Stress
What can prenatal stress permanently affect in adults?
Metabolism and cortisol levels.
What is the effect of outlets for frustration, predictability, perception of life improving, and social support on the stress response?
They can modify the stress response
How does stress affect wound healing in caregivers?
It delays wound healing.
What is associated with decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex?
PTSD
What affects the extent of the stress response?
Coping and appraisal
What is the role of the amygdala in stress?
It recognizes threats in the environment.
What is the effect of dopamine release on stress and behavior?
It enhances stress and thrill-seeking behavior
What is the role of dopamine in stress and behavior?
Dopamine release is associated with stress and thrill-seeking behavior
Which brain region consistently engages in emotion recognition and has left-hemisphere dominance?
Amygdala
What part of the brain is involved in recognizing threats in the environment?
The amygdala
Study Notes
- The immune system derives from white blood cells.
- B lymphocytes come from bone marrow and T lymphocytes come from the thymus gland.
- Stress can suppress the activity of the immune system via cortisol.
- Chronic stress can cause a reduction in B and T cells.
- Inescapable shock can also reduce B and T cells.
- The removal of the adrenal gland does not cause immune changes to shock.
- The immune response to antigen is normal when the adrenal gland is removed.
- Keller conducted a study on chronic stress and the immune system in 1983.
- Chronic stress can have negative effects on the immune system.
- Cortisol plays a role in the relationship between stress and the immune system.
- Chronic stress can reduce immune system functioning.
- Wounds take longer to heal in caregivers experiencing chronic stress.
- During exams, immune system responses weakened in medical students.
- Outlets for frustration, a sense of predictability, a perception of life improving, and social support can all modify the stress response.
- Prenatal stress can permanently affect metabolism and cortisol levels in adults.
- Early exposure to stress programs stress reactivity.
- The amygdala is more active when viewing fearful faces.
- Psychological stress can be studied through physical and psychological stress tests.
- Experimental tests of stress can involve MRI scans and exposure to phobias.
- The amygdala is involved in recognizing threats in the environment.
- The amygdala responds to threats in the environment.
- The body responds to stress via the HPA axis and sympathomedullary system.
- The prefrontal cortex regulates the stress response.
- PTSD is associated with decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex.
- Social anxiety disorder and specific phobia are associated with increased activation in the amygdala.
- Stressful events are generally well-remembered, particularly if relevant to the stressor.
- Stress enhances consolidation of emotional memories.
- Memory retrieval during stress is impaired.
- Dopamine release is associated with stress and thrill-seeking behavior.
- The way we cope and appraise events affects the extent of the stress response.
Looking to test your knowledge on the fascinating field of stress and the immune system? Take this quiz and discover interesting facts on how chronic stress can affect immune system functioning, the role of cortisol, and the various physical and psychological responses to stress. Learn about the amygdala's involvement in recognizing threats, the HPA axis and sympathomedullary system's role in the body's response to stress, and how memory consolidation and retrieval are affected by stress. Test your knowledge and expand your understanding of this
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