How much do you know about cardiac markers and myocardial infarction?

Foam cells accumulate during atheroma development and contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis.

The four stages of lesion progression are initial lesion, fatty streak, intermediate lesion, and atheroma.

Some contributing factors to the progression of atherosclerosis include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, among others.

<p>The clinical manifestations of adventitiaconsec codeca type of lesion are ischemia, angina pectoris, positive exercise test, and perfusion defect. Management for this condition includes local therapy/revascularization such as PTCA, stent, and CABG, and systemic therapy such as lifestyle modification and drug therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction can be caused by plaque rupture, inflammation, proteolysis, and phagocytosis. Symptoms of myocardial infarction include chest pain radiating to different parts of the body, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and atypical symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to diagnose myocardial infarction along with cardiac markers such as troponin T and creatine kinase. Troponin T is a specific marker for myocardial injury and is used as part of the diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The troponin complex regulates calcium-mediated muscle contraction and cardiac troponin I is elevated in patients with myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment options include thrombolytic drugs, coronary intervention, bypass surgery, angioplasty/stent, and lifestyle changes. Modifiable risk factors for prevention include hypertension, obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction can be detected with ECG and troponin levels, but prevention is the most important aspect. Modifiable risk factors need to be addressed to prevent the condition from occurring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diet, lifestyle choices, and controlling high blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fat or lipid deposits in the inner lining of arteries. It contributes to myocardial infarction by causing damage to the heart muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adopting a low-fat, low salt, high fibre diet, avoiding foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol, avoiding smoking, controlling high blood pressure, engaging in moderate exercise, and finding a relaxation program that you enjoy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, is a condition that occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atheroma plaques in myocardial infarction are characterized by the accumulation of lipids, damage to the endothelium and, in some cases, rupture and formation of thrombus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in the coronary artery of the heart due to atherosclerosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction is a set of criteria used to standardize the diagnosis of heart attacks. It is important because it helps distinguish heart attacks from other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ECG is always carried out before blood tests in order to record the heart's rhythmic electrical activity. ECG changes after myocardial infarction can also help with diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction was published in the European Heart Journal in 2012.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two methods commonly used to detect myocardial infarction are ECG and troponin level testing. Troponin is a cardiac marker that is elevated in the blood after a heart attack, making it an effective indicator of myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80% of cardiovascular disease is attributed to modifiable risk factors, such as a poor diet, smoking, hypertension, and lack of exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adopting a low-fat, low-salt, high-fibre diet and avoiding foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol, quitting smoking, monitoring blood pressure, engaging in moderate exercise, and finding a relaxation program can all help to prevent myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To supply oxygenated blood to the constantly active heart muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thrombus forms and may grow, obstructing the blood flow through the artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, intense prolonged chest pain, nausea, fainting, intense sweating, pain in the left shoulder, arm, jaw, and back.</p> Signup and view all the answers