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Questions and Answers
How do chemical messengers primarily give messages to the cell?
How do chemical messengers primarily give messages to the cell?
- By facilitating their own entry into the cell's interior to deliver the message.
- By becoming a structural component within the cell membrane.
- By directly altering the DNA structure of the cell.
- By changing the shape of the receptor sites. (correct)
What is the primary role of receptor proteins embedded in the cell membrane?
What is the primary role of receptor proteins embedded in the cell membrane?
- To act as the binding sites for chemical messengers, facilitating communication. (correct)
- To provide structural support to the cell membrane, maintaining its integrity.
- To produce chemical messengers, facilitating intercellular communication.
- To actively transport ions and small molecules across the cell membrane.
What is the expected behavior of a receptor after the removal of a chemical messenger?
What is the expected behavior of a receptor after the removal of a chemical messenger?
- The receptor regains its original structure. (correct)
- The receptor disintegrates and is recycled into amino acids.
- The receptor maintains the altered shape, continuing to signal indefinitely.
- The receptor immediately binds to another messenger, continuing the signal chain.
What can be inferred about the location of the active site of receptor proteins?
What can be inferred about the location of the active site of receptor proteins?
How does the body typically respond if an enzyme-inhibitor complex cannot be easily broken?
How does the body typically respond if an enzyme-inhibitor complex cannot be easily broken?
What is the crucial function of receptors as drug targets in the body's communication process?
What is the crucial function of receptors as drug targets in the body's communication process?
In what scenario are drugs classified as agonists typically most beneficial?
In what scenario are drugs classified as agonists typically most beneficial?
How do drugs that function as antagonists exert their therapeutic effects?
How do drugs that function as antagonists exert their therapeutic effects?
If a drug binds to a receptor site but prevents the natural messenger from binding, what classification does this drug fall under?
If a drug binds to a receptor site but prevents the natural messenger from binding, what classification does this drug fall under?
Why do different receptors throughout the body exhibit selectivity for particular chemical messengers?
Why do different receptors throughout the body exhibit selectivity for particular chemical messengers?
Ulcers are developed in the stomach due to which reason?
Ulcers are developed in the stomach due to which reason?
What therapeutic intervention was primarily used to treat acidity until 1970?
What therapeutic intervention was primarily used to treat acidity until 1970?
How do antacids function to alleviate symptoms of acidity?
How do antacids function to alleviate symptoms of acidity?
Why should the use of excessive hydrogencarbonate be avoided in the treatment of acidity?
Why should the use of excessive hydrogencarbonate be avoided in the treatment of acidity?
What is the function of drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor?
What is the function of drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor?
What is the expected outcome of blocking of message?
What is the expected outcome of blocking of message?
Which of the following elements are found in a mixture used to treat acidity?
Which of the following elements are found in a mixture used to treat acidity?
Muscles are communicated through certain chemicals. These chemicals are known as what?
Muscles are communicated through certain chemicals. These chemicals are known as what?
Receptor proteins are embedded in which of the following?
Receptor proteins are embedded in which of the following?
In the body, message between two neurons and that between neurons to muscles is communicated through certain chemicals. These chemicals are received at which location?
In the body, message between two neurons and that between neurons to muscles is communicated through certain chemicals. These chemicals are received at which location?
Flashcards
What are antagonists?
What are antagonists?
Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function.
What are agonists?
What are agonists?
Drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor.
What causes ulcers?
What causes ulcers?
Over production of acid in the stomach causes irritation and pain. In severe cases, ulcers are developed in the stomach.
How is acidity treated?
How is acidity treated?
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How are messages received?
How are messages received?
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Receptor accommodation
Receptor accommodation
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Where are receptor proteins?
Where are receptor proteins?
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Active site of receptor proteins
Active site of receptor proteins
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Receptor selectivity
Receptor selectivity
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Study Notes
How Drugs Work
- Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonists and are useful when blocking a message, for example, anaesthesia.
- Drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor are called agonists and are useful when there is a lack of a natural chemical messenger.
- There are a large number of different receptors in the body that interact with different chemical messengers and show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other because their binding sites have different shape, structure, and amino acid composition.
- Messages between two neurons and that between neurons to muscles are communicated through certain chemicals which are known as chemical messengers and are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
- To accommodate a messenger, the shape of the receptor site changes.
- In this process, no message is transferred into the cell, rather a chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.
- Receptors are proteins that are crucial to body's communication process.
- Majority of these are embedded in cell membranes.
- Receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membrane in such a way that their small part possessing active site projects out of the surface of the membrane and opens on the outside region of the cell.
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