7 Questions
27 BCE
True
Sparta
True
900 BCE
True
1600 BCE
True
336 BCE
True
3500 BCE
True
221 BCE
True
Study Notes
Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
- Located in the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Iraq)
- Sumerians (3500 BCE) invented writing (cuneiform) and created city-states
- Akkadian Empire (2334 BCE): united city-states under Sargon the Great
- Babylonian Empire (1800 BCE): Hammurabi's Code of Laws, Hanging Gardens
- Assyrian Empire (900 BCE): militarized, expanded empire, and built Nineveh
Ancient Egypt
- Located along the Nile River (modern-day Egypt)
- Old Kingdom (2613 BCE): pyramids of Giza, pharaohs as gods
- Middle Kingdom (2040 BCE): period of cultural and economic revival
- New Kingdom (1550 BCE): Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ramses II
- Mummification, hieroglyphics, and worship of multiple gods
Ancient Greece
- Located in southeastern Europe (modern-day Greece)
- City-states: Athens and Sparta
- Golden Age (500 BCE): democracy, philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), and theater
- Persian Wars (490 BCE): Greeks defeated Persians, led to Golden Age
- Alexander the Great (336 BCE): conquered Persia, spread Greek culture
Ancient Rome
- Located in central Italy (modern-day Rome)
- Roman Republic (509 BCE): senate, consuls, and checks and balances
- Roman Empire (27 BCE): Augustus Caesar, Pax Romana, and imperial system
- Conquests: Britain, Gaul, Spain, and North Africa
- Contributions: law, architecture, engineering, and language (Latin)
Ancient China
- Located in eastern Asia (modern-day China)
- Xia Dynasty (2100 BCE): legendary, mythical rulers
- Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE): bronze technology, oracle bones
- Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE): feudal system, Confucianism, and Mandate of Heaven
- Qin Dynasty (221 BCE): unification, Great Wall, and standardized systems
古文明
美索不达米亚
- 位于肥沃月湾(现代伊拉克)
- 苏美尔人(公元前3500年):发明了楔形文字,创建城市国家
- 阿卡德帝国(公元前2334年):萨尔贡大帝统一城市国家
- 巴比伦帝国(公元前1800年):哈穆拉比法典,悬园
- 亚述帝国(公元前900年):军事化、扩张帝国、建立尼尼微
古埃及
- 位于尼罗河沿岸(现代埃及)
- 老王国(公元前2613年):吉萨的金字塔,法老作为神
- 中王国(公元前2040年):文化和经济复兴期
- 新王国(公元前1550年):哈特谢普苏特、图特摩斯三世和拉美西斯二世
- 木乃伊、象形文字和多神崇拜
古希腊
- 位于东南欧(现代希腊)
- 城邦:雅典和斯巴达
- 黄金时代(公元前500年):民主、哲学(苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德)和戏剧
- 波斯战争(公元前490年):希腊人战胜波斯人,黄金时代开始
- 亚历山大大帝(公元前336年):征服波斯,传播希腊文化
古罗马
- 位于中意大利(现代罗马)
- 罗马共和国(公元前509年):元老院、执政官和平衡制
- 罗马帝国(公元前27年):奥古斯都·凯撒、罗马和平、帝国制度
- 征服:不列颠、加里西亚、西班牙和北非
- 贡献:法、建筑、工程和语言(拉丁语)
古中国
- 位于东亚(现代中国)
- 夏朝(公元前2100年):传奇神话统治者
- 商朝(公元前1600年):青铜技术、 Oracle 骨
- 周朝(公元前1046年):封建制度、儒教和天命
- 秦朝(公元前221年):统一、长城、标准化系统
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