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7 Questions

27 BCE

True

Sparta

True

900 BCE

True

1600 BCE

True

336 BCE

True

3500 BCE

True

221 BCE

True

Study Notes

Ancient Civilizations

Mesopotamia

  • Located in the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Iraq)
  • Sumerians (3500 BCE) invented writing (cuneiform) and created city-states
  • Akkadian Empire (2334 BCE): united city-states under Sargon the Great
  • Babylonian Empire (1800 BCE): Hammurabi's Code of Laws, Hanging Gardens
  • Assyrian Empire (900 BCE): militarized, expanded empire, and built Nineveh

Ancient Egypt

  • Located along the Nile River (modern-day Egypt)
  • Old Kingdom (2613 BCE): pyramids of Giza, pharaohs as gods
  • Middle Kingdom (2040 BCE): period of cultural and economic revival
  • New Kingdom (1550 BCE): Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ramses II
  • Mummification, hieroglyphics, and worship of multiple gods

Ancient Greece

  • Located in southeastern Europe (modern-day Greece)
  • City-states: Athens and Sparta
  • Golden Age (500 BCE): democracy, philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), and theater
  • Persian Wars (490 BCE): Greeks defeated Persians, led to Golden Age
  • Alexander the Great (336 BCE): conquered Persia, spread Greek culture

Ancient Rome

  • Located in central Italy (modern-day Rome)
  • Roman Republic (509 BCE): senate, consuls, and checks and balances
  • Roman Empire (27 BCE): Augustus Caesar, Pax Romana, and imperial system
  • Conquests: Britain, Gaul, Spain, and North Africa
  • Contributions: law, architecture, engineering, and language (Latin)

Ancient China

  • Located in eastern Asia (modern-day China)
  • Xia Dynasty (2100 BCE): legendary, mythical rulers
  • Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE): bronze technology, oracle bones
  • Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE): feudal system, Confucianism, and Mandate of Heaven
  • Qin Dynasty (221 BCE): unification, Great Wall, and standardized systems

古文明

美索不达米亚

  • 位于肥沃月湾(现代伊拉克)
  • 苏美尔人(公元前3500年):发明了楔形文字,创建城市国家
  • 阿卡德帝国(公元前2334年):萨尔贡大帝统一城市国家
  • 巴比伦帝国(公元前1800年):哈穆拉比法典,悬园
  • 亚述帝国(公元前900年):军事化、扩张帝国、建立尼尼微

古埃及

  • 位于尼罗河沿岸(现代埃及)
  • 老王国(公元前2613年):吉萨的金字塔,法老作为神
  • 中王国(公元前2040年):文化和经济复兴期
  • 新王国(公元前1550年):哈特谢普苏特、图特摩斯三世和拉美西斯二世
  • 木乃伊、象形文字和多神崇拜

古希腊

  • 位于东南欧(现代希腊)
  • 城邦:雅典和斯巴达
  • 黄金时代(公元前500年):民主、哲学(苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德)和戏剧
  • 波斯战争(公元前490年):希腊人战胜波斯人,黄金时代开始
  • 亚历山大大帝(公元前336年):征服波斯,传播希腊文化

古罗马

  • 位于中意大利(现代罗马)
  • 罗马共和国(公元前509年):元老院、执政官和平衡制
  • 罗马帝国(公元前27年):奥古斯都·凯撒、罗马和平、帝国制度
  • 征服:不列颠、加里西亚、西班牙和北非
  • 贡献:法、建筑、工程和语言(拉丁语)

古中国

  • 位于东亚(现代中国)
  • 夏朝(公元前2100年):传奇神话统治者
  • 商朝(公元前1600年):青铜技术、 Oracle 骨
  • 周朝(公元前1046年):封建制度、儒教和天命
  • 秦朝(公元前221年):统一、长城、标准化系统

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