Hostage Situations: Understanding Dynamics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal during a hostage incident?

  • To negotiate with the captors
  • To preserve lives (correct)
  • To gather intelligence
  • To protect properties first

Which stage of a hostage incident is characterized by high emotions and low rational thinking?

  • Resolution Stage
  • Accommodation Stage
  • Alarm Stage (correct)
  • Crisis Stage

In which stage of a hostage incident might Stockholm syndrome likely occur?

  • Resolution Stage
  • Crisis Stage
  • Accommodation Stage (correct)
  • Alarm Stage

Which behavior type is associated with emotionally disturbed individuals who take hostages?

<p>Expressive behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done regarding communication lines during a hostage incident?

<p>Cut off all communication lines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last paramount concern during a hostage incident?

<p>The arrest of the perpetrator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Resolution Stage in a hostage incident?

<p>Hostage taker shows signs of fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with unauthorized persons during a hostage incident?

<p>Restrict their entry and exit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the negotiation process begin?

<p>Crisis Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary priorities during a hostage incident?

<p>Apprehending the captors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for the Ground Commander?

<p>At least a senior rank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role is part of the Negotiation Team?

<p>Primary Negotiator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Assault Team?

<p>To be deployed if negotiation fails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plan focuses on the immediate threat posed by hostage-takers?

<p>Emergency Response Plan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured for the safety of released hostages?

<p>Containment and isolation for security (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plan involves securing the lives of hostages during negotiations?

<p>Surrender Plan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Intelligence liaison/recorder play?

<p>Record and analyze negotiation information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration of the Collection Plan?

<p>Safety of the police personnel involved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for effective crisis resolution?

<p>Proper coordination among all participating elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a responsibility of the Support Personnel?

<p>Provide medical and firefighting services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hostage Incident Priorities

Preserving lives, apprehending captors, and protecting/recovering properties are the top concerns in a hostage situation.

Alarm Stage of Hostage Incident

The most dangerous stage, with high emotional intensity and low rational thinking from the captor.

Crisis Stage of Hostage Incident

Negotiations begin, with unpredictable demands and intense emotions.

Accommodation Stage of Hostage Incident

A period of low tension, though still dangerous, where Stockholm syndrome can occur between captor and hostages.

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Resolution Stage of Hostage Incident

A stage characterized by captor stress and loss of interest, with lower tension and resolution possible.

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Instrumental Hostage Taker

A hostage taker motivated by criminal intent.

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Expressive Hostage Taker

A hostage taker motivated by psychological issues.

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Hostage Incident Procedure - Security

Securing the scene, isolating it, and controlling communications are crucial in managing the incident.

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Hostage Incident Procedure - Communication

Controlling communication lines to allow for controlled negotiation.

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Hostage Incident Procedure - Last Concern

The final goal is to safely arrest the perpetrator to ensure victim well-being.

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Ground Commander

Senior officer leading the response to a crisis, with experience in hostage situations.

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Negotiation Team Role

A team coordinating with the hostage takers to achieve a safe resolution. It has a leader, primary and backup negotiators, an intelligence gatherer, and a recorder.

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Assault Team Responsibilities

Prepares for forceful action if negotiations fail, needing clearly identifiable uniforms.

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Support Personnel

Essential personnel like first responders (ambulance, firetruck) to ensure hostage/personnel safety.

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Emergency Response Plan

A plan tailor-made to deal with the specific hostage situation. It's flexible and adaptable.

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Breakout Plan

A plan to free hostages from a dangerous situation if the need arises.

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Surrender Plan

A plan focused on ensuring a secure release of hostages without risking further harm.

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Hostage Release

The process of securing and containing released hostages, prioritizing security.

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Collection Plan

Plan to care for and retrieve the police/first-responders involved in a hostage situation.

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Coordination

Ensuring effective cooperation from all involved in crisis resolution.

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Study Notes

Priorities During Hostage Incident

  • Preserve lives
  • Apprehend captors
  • Recover/protect property

Stages of Hostage Incident

Alarm Stage

  • Most traumatic and dangerous
  • Hostage taker's emotions are at their peak
  • Rational thinking is reduced
  • May be aggressive

Crisis Stage

  • Negotiation begins
  • Outrageous demands are common
  • Emotions are unpredictable

Accommodation Stage

  • Boredom and moments of terror
  • Potential for Stockholm syndrome (between captors and victims)

Resolution Stage

  • Hostage taker is stressed/fatigued
  • Interest in the situation fades
  • Low tension between hostages, taker, and negotiator

Types of Hostage Takers

  • Instrumental: Criminal type
  • Expressive: Emotionally disturbed individuals
    • Mentally disturbed
    • Psychotic (delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, schizophrenia)
    • Neurotic (manic depressive personality, inadequate personality, antisocial personality, estranged)

Procedures on Hostage Incident/Barricaded Situations

  • Activate Critical Incident Management Committee
  • Secure and isolate the incident scene
  • Secure the stronghold
  • Control communication, power, and water
  • Restrict unauthorized personnel
  • Record witness information
  • Direct witnesses to a safe location

Additional Information

  • Evacuate victims/injured immediately
  • Arrest of perpetrator is secondary to the above priorities
  • Post-incident debriefing is crucial
  • Designate a Ground Commander (senior rank with experience)
  • Form a Negotiation Team
    • Negotiator Team Leader
    • Primary Negotiator
    • Secondary Negotiator
    • Liaison/recorder
    • Board Negotiator
  • Form an Assault Team (in case negotiation fails)
    • Uniform to be easily identifiable
  • Establish Support Personnel (ambulance, fire truck)

Types of Plans

  • Emergency Response Plan (based on threat and responder needs)

  • Breakout Plan (consideration during negotiations)

  • Delivery Plan (in case of hostage taker plan changes)

  • Surrender Plan (safety of hostages paramount)

  • Hostage Reception/Release (secure containment of released hostages)

  • Collection Plan (prioritize safety of police personnel)

  • Coordination is essential to consolidate efforts.

  • Hostage safety is paramount throughout negotiations.

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Hostage Incident Priorities & Procedures PDF

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