Hospital Pharmacy PP-501: Clinical Calculations

A method for mixing solutions of different known strengths to create a solution of a desired intermediate strength.

Used for combining multiple preparations of known strengths to create a mixture with a desired intermediate strength.

The known concentration strengths of the different solutions to be mixed.

The target concentration strength of the final mixture being prepared.

The relative amounts of each solution needed to achieve the desired final concentration.

A solution with a high concentration of the active ingredient.

A solution with a low concentration of the active ingredient.

A solution with an intermediate concentration of the active ingredient.

A way of writing instructions on a prescription for a patient, specifying dosage, frequency, and duration of medication use.

Abbreviation for "quater in die", meaning four times a day.

Abbreviation for "ter in die", meaning three times a day.

Abbreviation for "bis in die", meaning twice a day.

Different drug products containing the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, but may vary in inactive ingredients.

Substances in a drug product that don't have pharmacological effects, used for taste, texture, or stability.

The portion of a drug molecule responsible for its pharmacological activity.

Drug formulations designed to release the active ingredient over a longer period, like extended-release or sustained-release.

Calculating the volume of 90% and 10% alcohol solutions needed to prepare a 20% solution.

Determining the volume of 50% dextrose solution required to achieve a 12.5% solution when mixed with 10% dextrose solution.

Calculating the volume of a 2.5% cortisone acetate stock solution needed to prepare an ophthalmic solution containing 100mg of cortisone acetate in 8mL of NS.

The general, non-proprietary name of a drug, usually written in lowercase. It describes the chemical makeup of the drug (e.g., Amoxicillin/Clavulanate potassium).

Converting a percentage concentration to a mass concentration.

Calculating the volume of 50% dextrose solution to mix with 250 ml of 10% dextrose solution, to get 12.5% dextrose solution.

The brand or proprietary name given to a drug by the manufacturer, usually capitalized. It's the name you see on the package (e.g., Augmentin).

Calculate milliliters of 2.5% cortisone acetate stock solution to obtain the required 100mg cortisone acetate in 8mL NS.

The way a drug is delivered into the body (e.g., oral, intravenous, topical, etc.).

The amount of medication per single administration (e.g., 5 ml of Augmentin suspension).

Preparing an ophthalmic solution that contains a specific amount of cortisone in a particular volume of NS.

Determining the amount of drug required for a given concentration in a specified volume.

The total amount of medication in the container (e.g., 75 ml of Augmentin suspension after reconstitution).

Steps needed to get the medication ready for use, if required (e.g., reconstituting a powder for oral use).

How to store the medication properly to maintain its stability and effectiveness (e.g., refrigerate after reconstitution).

The date after which the medication is no longer considered safe or effective to use.

Drugs with the same active ingredient but differ in dosage form, strength, or salt/ester form.

Drugs that provide the same clinical effect and safety profile because they have the same active ingredient, dosage form, and are bioequivalent.

When two drugs have similar rates and extents of absorption, meaning they reach the bloodstream at comparable speeds and amounts.

A FDA-approved list of therapeutic equivalents for various drugs. This helps healthcare professionals determine safe substitution options.

They allow healthcare providers to safely substitute one drug product for another, offering patients affordable and effective treatment options.

Equivalents are identical in strength and quality, while alternatives may differ in their dosage forms or strengths. Both contain the same active ingredient.

Bioequivalence ensures that therapeutic equivalents have comparable rates and extents of absorption, leading to the same clinical effect and safety profile.

A long-acting insulin analog used to manage diabetes, it is administered once daily and works by regulating blood sugar levels.

A method of administering medication by injecting it into the fatty layer beneath the skin.

A pre-filled pen containing insulin glargine, commonly used for subcutaneous injection. It allows for easy and accurate dosing.

Storing medication in a refrigerator, typically at a temperature between 2°C to 8°C. This is crucial for maintaining the potency of some medications, like insulin.