Podcast
Questions and Answers
Total Parenteral Nutrition is designed for patients who can eat normally.
Total Parenteral Nutrition is designed for patients who can eat normally.
False
Aseptic technique is critical for the preparation of intravenous solutions.
Aseptic technique is critical for the preparation of intravenous solutions.
True
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is important for drugs with a wide therapeutic index.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is important for drugs with a wide therapeutic index.
False
Clinical pharmacy services are limited to ward activities and do not include medication reviews.
Clinical pharmacy services are limited to ward activities and do not include medication reviews.
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IV admixture requires special facilities due to the toxic nature of some drugs.
IV admixture requires special facilities due to the toxic nature of some drugs.
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The hospital pharmacist has less opportunity to interact with prescribers than the community pharmacist.
The hospital pharmacist has less opportunity to interact with prescribers than the community pharmacist.
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Community pharmacists are usually part of policy-making committees related to drug selection and hospital infections.
Community pharmacists are usually part of policy-making committees related to drug selection and hospital infections.
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Hospital pharmacists have access to medical records, which allows them to monitor patient compliance.
Hospital pharmacists have access to medical records, which allows them to monitor patient compliance.
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Hospital pharmacists are responsible for the procurement of drugs to ensure low-quality products.
Hospital pharmacists are responsible for the procurement of drugs to ensure low-quality products.
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Hospital pharmacists can participate in clinical trials to determine drug effects.
Hospital pharmacists can participate in clinical trials to determine drug effects.
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The Steroid Unit of Pharmacy is exclusively responsible for outpatient services.
The Steroid Unit of Pharmacy is exclusively responsible for outpatient services.
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Hospital pharmacists can recommend changes in drug usage patterns more easily than community pharmacists.
Hospital pharmacists can recommend changes in drug usage patterns more easily than community pharmacists.
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Discharge counseling is a service exclusively provided by community pharmacists.
Discharge counseling is a service exclusively provided by community pharmacists.
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Hospitals and other facilities (e.g., drug dependency treatment, drug information centers, long-term care) can be government- or privately-operated.
- Key activities differ between hospital and community pharmacists.
The Hospital Pharmacist
- Has more interaction with prescribers to promote rational drug use.
- In larger pharmacies, pharmacists typically specialize and collaborate more with peers.
- Hospital pharmacists often have access to medical records.
- They can influence drug selection and dosages, monitor patient compliance, and report adverse events.
The Hospital Pharmacist (Continued)
- Can monitor drug usage patterns more readily compared to community pharmacists.
- This translates into improved recommendations for changes as needed.
- Members of key committees, e.g., drug selection, antibiotic use, and hospital infections (Drug and Therapeutics Committee).
- Influences preparation and composition of the essential drug list or formulary.
The Hospital Pharmacist (Continued)
- Better positioned to educate other health professionals about rational drug use.
- Easily participates in studies to assess beneficial or adverse drug effects.
- Controls hospital manufacturing and procurement to ensure high-quality products.
- Contributes to planning and implementation of clinical trials.
Outpatient Services
- Supply of precise drugs at the correct dose to the right patient.
- Clarification of drug information (drug, dose, polypharmacy, interactions).
- Substitution options.
- Patient counseling.
Outpatient Services (Continued)
- Maintain communication with patients and staff.
- Provide staff supervision.
- Implement appointment-based dispensing systems (SMART).
- Participate in national initiatives, e.g., Ubat Melalui Pos 1 Malaysia.
Inpatient Services
- Ward pharmacy/satellite pharmacy services.
- Discharge counseling concerning discharge prescriptions.
- Services like unit dose and unit of use systems.
- Monitoring of high-risk drug usage.
Manufacturing in Hospitals
- Hospitals are not built for manufacturing drugs.
- Adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).
- Risk of contamination.
- "Extemporaneous" compounding (mixing drugs).
- Limited quantities manufactured.
Clinical Pharmacy Services
- Pharmacists do rounds with doctors (sometimes separately).
- Require strong knowledge of medicine and patient's condition.
- Proficiency in medication reviews.
- Identify drug-related illnesses across various patient populations (e.g., ICU, paediatrics, geriatrics, nephrology, surgical wards).
Total Parenteral Nutrition
- Serves patients unable to consume food.
- Prepares nutrient mixtures carefully.
- Patients often require intravenous solutions of fats, amino acids, sugars, electrolytes, and vitamins.
- Strict aseptic techniques required.
- Good understanding of the nutritional value of ingredients.
IV admixture and cytotoxic drug reconstitution
- Handles very toxic drugs.
- Provides protection for personnel administering drugs.
- Prevents contamination.
- Special facilities are necessary for these tasks.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Services
- Measures drug levels in the blood.
- Useful for narrow therapeutic index drugs.
- Requires specialized equipment, typically in the pharmacy or lab.
- Data analysis by pharmacists.
Blood Concentration
- Blood concentration measurements determine the Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC).
- Measures peak (Cmax) and trough (Cmin) concentrations.
- Demonstrates effectiveness of the drug.
Blood Concentrations
- Evaluating the concentration of two different drugs to understand optimal efficacy and safety parameters.
- Identifying Minimum Effective Concentrations (MEC) and Minimum Toxic Concentrations (MTC).
- Understanding pharmacokinetic patterns of the medications.
Drug Information Services
- Answers drug-related questions.
- Creates reports and drug bulletins.
- Develops hospital formularies.
Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC)
- Improves medication adherence.
- Enhances positive treatment outcomes.
- Identifies patient-specific medication challenges.
- Aligns with pharmaceutical care principles.
- Addresses specific medication needs, e.g., diabetes, warfarin, asthma.
Hospital Administration
- Develops medicine budgets.
- Manages hospital purchasing of drugs.
- Supervises staff.
- Manages the hospital drugs & therapeutics committee.
- Handles patient and public complaints.
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Description
This quiz explores the roles and responsibilities of hospital pharmacists. It covers their unique interactions with prescribers, access to medical records, and their influence on drug selection and monitoring within a hospital setting. Understand the essential functions that differentiate hospital pharmacists from community pharmacists.
