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Questions and Answers
What is a critical aspect of Total Parenteral Nutrition preparation?
What is a critical aspect of Total Parenteral Nutrition preparation?
What is the primary role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in patient care?
What is the primary role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in patient care?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with the preparation of intravenous (IV) admixtures?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with the preparation of intravenous (IV) admixtures?
Which factors are critical for medication reviews by clinical pharmacy services?
Which factors are critical for medication reviews by clinical pharmacy services?
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What aspect is crucial when manufacturing drugs in hospitals?
What aspect is crucial when manufacturing drugs in hospitals?
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What is a primary responsibility of the hospital pharmacist in relation to prescribers?
What is a primary responsibility of the hospital pharmacist in relation to prescribers?
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How does a hospital pharmacist utilize access to medical records?
How does a hospital pharmacist utilize access to medical records?
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In what way can hospital pharmacists influence drug policies?
In what way can hospital pharmacists influence drug policies?
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What advantage do hospital pharmacists have over community pharmacists?
What advantage do hospital pharmacists have over community pharmacists?
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What role do hospital pharmacists play in clinical trials?
What role do hospital pharmacists play in clinical trials?
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Which service is NOT typically associated with inpatient pharmacy services?
Which service is NOT typically associated with inpatient pharmacy services?
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What is a critical aspect of outpatient services provided by hospital pharmacists?
What is a critical aspect of outpatient services provided by hospital pharmacists?
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Which of the following is NOT an essential function of the hospital pharmacist?
Which of the following is NOT an essential function of the hospital pharmacist?
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Study Notes
Hospital Pharmacist Role
- Hospitals and other healthcare institutions, such as drug dependency centers and long-term care facilities, can be publicly or privately operated.
- Hospital pharmacists have more interaction with prescribers than community pharmacists to promote rational drug use.
- Hospital pharmacists often specialize within a hospital's large pharmacy setting, interacting with multiple staff members and gaining expertise.
- Access to medical records allows hospital pharmacists to influence drug selection, patient compliance monitoring, and adverse drug reaction reporting.
- Hospital pharmacists can easily monitor and assess drug usage patterns, suggesting changes when necessary.
- They participate in policy-making committees (e.g., Drug and Therapeutics Committee) to influence essential drug lists.
- Pharmacists can advise other healthcare professionals to improve rational drug use.
- Participating in studies helps determine the effects of drugs.
- Control over hospital drug manufacturing and procurement ensures high-quality product supply.
Outpatient Services
- Pharmacists supply the correct drug, dose, and patient.
- Clarifications are provided regarding drug information, dosage, polypharmacy, and interactions.
- Substitution options are available.
- Patient counseling is crucial.
- Communication with patients and staff is important.
- Staff supervision plays a significant role.
- Systems are in place for appointment-based drug dispensing (e.g., SMART).
- Some facilities offer mail-order services (e.g., UMP1Malaysia).
Inpatient Services
- Ward and satellite pharmacies provide services.
- Discharge counseling guides patients with pharmaceutical information and prescriptions.
- Unit dose dispensing is a common method for patients.
- Unit of use dispensing is utilized.
- Monitoring of drug usage of potentially dangerous medications.
Prescription
- Prescriptions are provided to dispense medication, recorded with patient information (e.g. name, date of birth, ID number).
- Information such as prescription date, doctor name and contact details, drug name and dosages, are recorded on the prescriptions.
- Examples of medications presented on the prescription document include Prednisolone, T.CTZ and Adalat.
Manufacturing in Hospitals
- Hospital pharmacies are typically not built for drug manufacturing.
- Compliance with GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) is essential.
- Contamination risks are present.
- "Extemporaneous" drug preparation is common and a crucial skill.
- Availability of products and the amount of resources for their creation are limited in some hospital settings.
Clinical Pharmacy Services
- Pharmacists participate in "rounds" with doctors (sometimes independently).
- Essential knowledge of medicines and patient conditions is crucial.
- Confidence and expertise in their skillset are required.
- Medication reviews are part of the process.
- Identification of medication-related illnesses within various patient groups (e.g., ICU, pediatrics, geriatrics, nephrology, surgical wards).
Total Parenteral Nutrition
- Services for patients unable to eat provide intravenous solutions containing fats, amino acids, sugar, electrolytes, and trace elements.
- Careful preparation of nutrient mixtures is crucial.
- Food's suitability as a microbial growth medium is considered.
- Aseptic technique is vital in the preparation process.
- Knowledge of the calorific value of foods is also essential.
IV Admixture and Cytotoxic Drug Reconstitution
- Very toxic drugs require careful reconstitution.
- Administration staff protection measures are necessary.
- Risk of contamination control is critical.
- Special facilities are required for the safety of staff during preparation.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Services
- Blood drug level monitoring is critical.
- The process is essential for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index.
- Specialized equipment is needed.
- The pharmacy department or lab performs tests.
- Pharmacists analyze data.
Blood Concentration
- Blood concentrations demonstrate the minimum effective concentration (MEC).
- Measurement of Cmax is important (peak drug concentration).
- Measurement of Cmin is often important (minimum drug concentration).
Drug Information Services
- Pharmacists answer drug-related questions.
- Reports and drug bulletins are prepared.
- The hospital formulary is prepared.
Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC)
- Improve treatment compliance.
- Aim for better patient outcomes.
- Identify medication-related issues in patients.
- The clinic is aligned with pharmaceutical care concepts, for conditions such as diabetes, warfarin, asthma, etc.
Hospital Administration
- Budget preparation for medications.
- Purchasing for the hospital.
- Staff supervision.
- Hospital drugs and therapeutics committee involvement.
- Dealing with complaints from internal and external sources.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the vital role of hospital pharmacists in healthcare settings. This quiz covers their interactions with healthcare providers, drug selection, and participation in policy-making. Explore how they contribute to patient safety and rational drug use.
