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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of estradiol (E2) in males?
During pregnancy, what percentage of E2 is produced from the peripheral aromatization of androgens in females?
What is the main source of estrogens in postmenopausal women?
Which pathway starts with pregnenolone in the biosynthesis of estrogens?
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Which entity produces progesterone as an end product hormone because it lacks the enzymes necessary for further conversion?
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During pregnancy, where is progesterone primarily produced?
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Study Notes
Peripheral Aromatization
- In males, the major source of estradiol (E2) is from the peripheral aromatization of testosterone.
- In females, up to 50% of E2 produced during pregnancy comes from the peripheral aromatization of androgens.
- Peripheral aromatization of androstenedione (from adrenal cortex) to estrone is the major source of estrogens in postmenopausal women.
Biosynthesis of Estrogens
- There are two main pathways for the biosynthesis of estrogens.
- Pathway 5 starts with pregnenolone and produces estradiol (E2) through a series of enzymatic reactions.
- Pathway 4 starts with progesterone and also produces estradiol (E2).
Progesterone
- Progesterone is a precursor for all steroid hormones.
- It is produced and secreted by the corpus luteum as an end product hormone.
- Corpus luteum cells do not contain the enzymes necessary to convert progesterone to other steroid hormones.
- During pregnancy, progesterone is produced from the placenta.
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Description
This quiz covers the importance of peripheral aromatization in males and females, including its role in estradiol production and biosynthesis.
