Hormones and Receptor Regulation Quiz

<p>Prolactin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stabilizing receptors in the absence of hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on V1 receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate fundamental biochemical reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can have multiple functions in different locations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paracrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CCK (Cholecystokinin) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates the releasing cell itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatomedines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circhoral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melatonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of rest-activity rhythm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Once hourly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circadian (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimuli from various brain parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of gonadotropin secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They control the secretion of hormones from parvicellular neurons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure hormone secretion remains constant within limits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor numbers decrease, a process known as down regulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine stimulates while norepinephrine inhibits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a rare mechanism that amplifies hormone concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A biological event is triggered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains the constant amount of hormone action on cells. (C), It reduces the amplitude of the hormonal response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-ray imaging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the production of hormones in large quantities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunometric assays and chromatography/mass spectroscopy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenaline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposing more receptors when hormone levels decrease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cushing's syndrome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1889 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MacCallum and Voetlin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1910 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cybernetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical messenger produced by specialized cells, often in glands, and released in small quantities. Hormones act on target cells to influence their function, affecting physiological processes, metabolism, behavior, and morphology.

The system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. It works closely with the nervous system and immune system.

A type of hormone action where the hormone is released by a cell and acts on that same cell. Self-regulation.

A type of hormone action where the hormone is released by a cell and acts on nearby cells. Local communication.

The most common type of hormone action where the hormone is released by a cell, travels through the bloodstream, and acts on a distance target cell. Long-distance communication.

Hormones do not create new processes or mechanisms. They act as regulators of existing biochemical reactions.

Hormones do not provide the building blocks or energy for the processes they regulate. Their role is strictly to influence the rate and direction of existing biochemical reactions.

The secretion of hormones by neurons, often organized in networks, which acts on target cells or other neurons. This is a key communication mechanism in the nervous system.

Decrease in the number of hormone receptors on the cell surface, reducing the cell's sensitivity to the hormone.

Increase in the number of hormone receptors on the cell surface, making the cell more sensitive to the hormone.

A type of hormone receptor located on the cell membrane, specifically for protein, peptide, and catecholamine hormones.

A type of hormone receptor found inside the cell, specifically for steroid hormones, acting as an intracellular transporter.

A type of hormone receptor located in the nucleus, responsible for interactions with thyroid and steroid hormones.

A signaling molecule that relays signals from a hormone receptor to intracellular targets.

A second messenger system activated by hormones such as ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, MSH, Ang II, and ADH (acting on V2 receptors).

A second messenger system activated by hormones such as ADH (acting on V1 receptors), angiotensin II, catecholamines (alpha-receptors), GnRH, GHRH, oxytocin, and TRH.

Hormone release patterns that occur with a period of approximately one hour.

Hormone release patterns that have a periodicity longer than an hour but less than 24 hours.

Hormone release patterns with a periodicity of approximately 24 hours. Often associated with daily light-dark cycles.

The brain region acting as a biological clock, responsible for regulating circadian rhythms.

A hormone secreted by the pineal gland, involved in the synchronization of circadian rhythms with the 24-hour day/night cycle.

The specific pattern of hormone release where secretion occurs in bursts or pulses.

The importance of specific hormone release patterns for proper function. GnRH, for example, must be released hourly for normal gonadotropin secretion.

Different brain areas, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and various brainstem regions, that send signals to the hypothalamus to modulate hormone release.

A type of hormone regulation where the first hormone controls the secretion of the second, which then feeds back to modulate the secretion of the first.

The most common type of feedback, where the second hormone inhibits the secretion of the first, maintaining a stable balance.

A rare type of feedback, where the second hormone amplifies the secretion of the first, leading to a rapid increase in its concentration.

The control mechanism of the hypothalamus, where neurons release factors that stimulate or inhibit the production of pituitary hormones.

These neurons in the hypothalamus are responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate the pituitary gland.

Monoaminergic neurons, with cell bodies in the brainstem, regulate hormone secretion from the hypothalamus using biogenic amines like norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.

The study of hormones and their effects on the body, including their production, regulation, and functions.

The gland responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is located near the stomach.

The first discovery of a hormone, this scientist studied the effects of thyroid extract in treating myxoedema.

The key hormone produced by the pancreas responsible for regulating blood sugar, also known as 'blood sugar' hormone.

Oral contraceptives are a form of birth control that use hormones to prevent pregnancy.

The treatment of diabetes using insulin injections to regulate blood sugar levels.

The ability of a cell to respond to a hormone depends on the number of hormone receptors it possesses.

A specific type of protein on the surface of a cell that recognizes and binds hormones. This interaction triggers a chain of events within the cell, leading to a specific response.

The biochemical responsiveness of a cell to a hormone is determined by the number of receptors occupied by the hormone.

The magnitude of a hormone's effect is influenced by multiple factors like receptor number, hormone concentration, receptor affinity, exposure duration, intracellular conditions, and the presence of synergistic or antagonistic modulators.

A technique used to analyze hormone levels in blood or other bodily fluids. Antibodies are used to identify and quantify specific hormones.

Cloning genes that express peptide hormones allows for the production of hormones through recombinant DNA technology, providing a source of hormones for therapeutic purposes.