Hormone Receptor Diversity and Regulation

What is the primary reason for differences in hormone activity from one target cell to another?

Variation in hormone structure
Differences in hormone concentration
Alternation in cellular response pathways
Changes in receptor locations (correct)

Where are cell membrane receptors located?

Directly inside the cell
On the cell surface (correct)
Inside the nucleus
In the cytoplasm

What process involves increasing receptor numbers to enhance cellular sensitivity and response?

Upregulation (correct)
Regulation of hormonal responses
Receptor synthesis
Downregulation

Why is regulation of receptor numbers important in controlling hormone response levels?

To adjust hormonal responses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does receptor downregulation play in Type 2 diabetes?

It decreases receptor numbers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are available to hormones that can enter a cell?

Nuclear receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does reducing receptor numbers have on cellular sensitivity and response?

Decreases sensitivity and response (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can imbalances in receptor concentration lead to hormonal diseases?

By disrupting hormone response levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the process of upregulation?

Receptor numbers increase to enhance cellular sensitivity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common regulatory mechanism for controlling hormone response levels?

Maintenance of stable receptor numbers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that obese individuals with Type 2 diabetes have cells that no longer respond to insulin?

Receptor downregulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can regulating diet and weight loss help reverse Type 2 diabetes?

By restoring normal receptor response to insulin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of receptors in causing and reversing hormonal diseases?

Receptors, not the hormone itself, play a significant role in causing and reversing hormonal diseases (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone is classified as a local hormone?

Both paracrines and autocrines (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of paracrines?

To be involved in immune responses, signaling neighboring cells of infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the chemical properties of hormones influence their receptor location and transport mechanisms?

Chemical classification of hormones influences receptor location and transport mechanisms, as stated in the text (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between circulating hormones and local hormones?

Circulating hormones travel through the blood to reach their targets, while local hormones do not enter the bloodstream (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do lipid-soluble hormones differ from water-soluble hormones in terms of their transportation in the blood?

Lipid-soluble hormones have a nonpolar nature and require binding to transport proteins for solubility in the blood, while water-soluble hormones are polar (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which water-soluble hormones bind to their target cells?

Water-soluble hormones bind to cell membrane receptors as they cannot enter the cell due to their polar nature (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can the understanding of hormone target locations help in comprehending their physiological effects in the body?

Understanding hormone target locations helps in comprehending their physiological effects in the body (B) Signup and view all the answers