15 Questions
What is the primary function of insulin in the human body?
Controlling plasma glucose concentrations
Which of the following processes is NOT directly influenced by insulin?
Vasodilation
What is the primary goal of insulin's action on glucose metabolism?
Maintaining glucose homeostasis
In which tissues does insulin primarily facilitate glucose uptake?
Adipose tissue and liver
What is the net result of insulin's action on glucose metabolism?
Decreased glucose levels in the blood
What happens to the hyperglycaemic actions of certain hormones when plasma insulin concentrations are low?
They are enhanced
What is the effect of the secretion of counter-regulatory hormones on the action of insulin?
They oppose the action of insulin
In which conditions may the secretion of counter-regulatory hormones increase?
Stress and certain endocrine disorders
What is the relationship between insulin and the counter-regulatory hormones mentioned in the text?
They have an antagonistic effect on glucose metabolism
What is the context in which the hyperglycaemic actions of hormones like growth hormone, glucocorticoids, adrenaline, and glucagon become apparent?
When plasma insulin concentrations are low
What is the significance of controlling postprandial plasma glucose concentration?
Regulating renal glucose reabsorption
What is the primary goal of insulin signaling in the context of glucose homeostasis?
Promoting glucose storage in the liver and muscle
What is the primary mechanism of glucose transport in muscle cells?
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake through GLUT4
What is the primary hormonal regulator of blood sugar levels in the postprandial state?
Insulin
What is the consequence of uncontrolled postprandial plasma glucose concentration?
Hyperglycemia
This quiz assesses your knowledge of the role of counter-regulatory hormones, such as growth hormone and glucagon, in regulating blood glucose levels when insulin levels are low. Understand how these hormones interact with insulin and how certain medical conditions affect their secretion rates.
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