Hormone Receptors and Categorization Quiz

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Which type of hormone receptors bind hormones outside the cell?

Intracellular receptors

Nuclear receptors

Extracellular receptors (correct)

Plasma membrane receptors

Which type of hormones can freely pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors?

Polar, water-soluble hormones

Protein hormones

Non-polar, lipid-soluble hormones (correct)

Peptide hormones

Which endocrine gland is considered the 'master' gland and receives a lot of sensory input?

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Hypothalamus (correct)

Adrenal gland

Which endocrine gland is responsible for regulating normal metabolism?

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which endocrine gland is responsible for blood glucose regulation?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidney, according to the passage?

Waste removal and urine formation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production, according to the passage?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intestines, according to the passage?

Absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart, according to the passage?

Monitoring and generating blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thymus, according to the passage?

Production of thymic hormones that stimulate T-cell maturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the testes, according to the passage?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclei in the hypothalamus are responsible for producing vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin (OXT)?

Supraoptic nuclei and Paraventricular nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inferior hypophyseal stalk (inferior HPS)?

It carries hormones of the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormone receptors on cells?

To bind specific hormones, resulting in cellular changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone receptors do water-soluble hormones, such as peptide and amino acid hormones, bind to?

Extracellular receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the hypophyseal portal system?

To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. Signup and view all the answers

What type of capillaries are found in the hypophyseal portal system?

Fenestrated capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pancreatic islets is correct?

They are also known as the islets of Langerhans. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets?

To lower blood glucose levels (BGLs). Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about glucagon is incorrect?

It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen and triglycerides in the liver and skeletal muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreas?

Both (a) and (b) are correct. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of high blood glucose levels (BGLs) in diabetes?

Faulty glucose metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glucosuria (presence of glucose in urine) in diabetes?

It is an indicator of high blood glucose levels (BGLs) overwhelming the kidney's ability to reabsorb glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of up-regulation and down-regulation of hormone receptors?

To maintain cellular sensitivity to hormone levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of calcium as a secondary messenger?

To regulate the activity of cytoplasmic enzymes and cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers

How does cyclic AMP (cAMP) influence cellular activity?

By activating kinase enzymes that phosphorylate and activate other molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of G-proteins in the context of secondary messenger systems?

To activate or inhibit the production of cyclic AMP or calcium release. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hormone signaling, what is the primary function of kinase enzymes?

To phosphorylate and activate other molecules, leading to cellular responses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of calmodulin in the calcium secondary messenger system?

To bind calcium and activate cytoplasmic enzymes involved in various cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers