30 Questions
What is the mechanism for protein-based hormones to work?
They activate the 2nd messenger system
Why are the second messengers called '2nd messengers'?
Because the hormone is the 1st messenger
What happens when protein-based hormones bind on the outside of the cell?
They activate the receptor
What is the function of steroid-based hormones?
To bind on the inside of the cell
Which hormones rely on the 2nd messenger system for their action?
Protein-based hormones
Why do protein and peptide hormones have to rely on activating the receptor for their action?
Because they cannot cross the cell membrane
What is the role of cyclic AMP in the cellular process?
It activates protein kinases
What is the function of g proteins in the cellular process described?
Activates adenylate cyclase
Which molecule is involved in the production of cyclic AMP?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What is the role of protein kinases in the cellular process?
Add a phosphate group to enzymes
Which molecule is produced by adenylate cyclase?
Cyclic AMP
What is the main function of adenylate cyclase in the cellular process?
To produce cyclic AMP
What activates the g proteins in the cellular process?
Hormone binding to the receptor
What is the function of ATP in the production of cyclic AMP?
Donates phosphate groups
Protein-based hormones bind on the ______ of the cell
outside
Steroid-based hormones bind on the ______ of the cell
inside
The 2nd messenger system relies on the activation of the ______
receptor
The production of 2nd messengers occurs on the ______ of the cell
inside
The 1st messenger is the ______
hormone
The 2nd messengers are produced on the ______ of the cell
inside
ATP stands for adenosine ______
triphosphate
Cyclic AMP is a type of ______
second messenger
AMP is a molecule with ______ phosphate group
one
The 'c' in cyclic AMP stands for ______
cyclic
Adenylate cyclase produces ______
cyclic AMP
Protein kinases add a ______ group
phosphate
The process of adding a phosphate to enzymes is called ______
phosphorylation
Phosphorylation makes certain enzymes more ______
active
G proteins activate an enzyme called ______ cyclase
adenylate
The activation of g proteins is triggered by hormone ______
binding
Test your knowledge about the mechanisms of protein-based and steroid-based hormones. Learn about how these hormones bind to cells and the different terminologies for their actions.
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