Biology Chapter 5: Muscle and Hormone Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of positive feedback mechanisms?

  • To progressively increase the response to a stimulus (correct)
  • To inhibit certain bodily functions
  • To reduce the strength of a response
  • To maintain constant levels of hormones

    • Which hormone is primarily involved in stimulating uterine contractions during labor?

  • Oxytocin (correct)
  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone
  • Estrogen

    • What defines a compound in chemistry?

  • A substance made of multiple types of atoms (correct)
  • A chemical element with atomic mass units
  • A substance made up of single type of atom
  • A stable entity that cannot react with others

    • What type of charge do protons carry?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the charges of protons and electrons related in an atom?

    <p>They carry opposite charges that cancel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are primarily present in body structures?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that contains protons and neutrons in an atom?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the release of oxytocin after the baby is born?

    <p>It stops due to the absence of the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique structure allows cardiac muscle cells to contract in a wave-like manner?

    <p>Intercalated discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the contraction of smooth muscle?

    <p>Intrinsic ability of the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to muscle fatigue during exercise?

    <p>Insufficient oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates skeletal muscle from cardiac muscle?

    <p>Skeletal muscle is under conscious control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for a muscle fibre to contract effectively?

    <p>An adequate blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues can be found exclusively in the wall of the heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction?

    <p>Breakdown of carbohydrates and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the strength of muscle contraction vary?

    <p>By the number of fibers contracting simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of stratified epithelium?

    <p>Protection from mechanical wear and tear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is characterized by having a surface layer of dead cells with keratin?

    <p>Keratinised stratified epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is non-keratinised stratified epithelium commonly found?

    <p>Lining of the mouth and pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following connective tissue types is the most densely structured?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are primarily responsible for the synthesis of connective tissue fibers?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue cell type is involved in immune response?

    <p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes transitional epithelium from other types of epithelium?

    <p>Ability to stretch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major function of connective tissue?

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucus in the mucous membrane?

    <p>To protect the lining from drying and injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the serous membrane is responsible for lining the cavity?

    <p>Parietal layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane?

    <p>Synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes exocrine glands?

    <p>Glands that discharge their secretion onto the epithelial surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles of the serous fluid between the visceral and parietal layers?

    <p>Enable smooth gliding of organs within the cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane lines the joint cavities and is associated with tendon protection?

    <p>Synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland type releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Goblet cells are specialized cells found in which type of membrane?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of erythropoietin in erythropoiesis?

    <p>Increases the production of proerythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when erythropoietin levels are low?

    <p>Anemia develops due to lack of red cell formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reticuloendothelial cells primarily responsible for?

    <p>Breaking down aged erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to iron released from hemolysis of erythrocytes?

    <p>It is reused in the formation of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is bilirubin processed in the liver?

    <p>It changes from fat-soluble to water-soluble form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about blood groups is true?

    <p>All individuals inherit blood group antigens from their parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of a transfusion reaction?

    <p>Destruction of transfused cells by the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood grouping system is NOT mentioned as important?

    <p>Rh system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of loose (areolar) connective tissue?

    <p>It provides elasticity and tensile strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes white adipose tissue?

    <p>It acts as a thermal insulator in specific areas of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of dense connective tissue?

    <p>Binds bones together through ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can elastic tissue be typically found?

    <p>In large blood vessel walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are predominantly found in adipose tissue?

    <p>Adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of brown adipose tissue?

    <p>It generates considerable heat upon metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissues are categorized under dense connective tissue?

    <p>Fibrous and elastic tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells does lymphoid tissue mainly contain?

    <p>Reticular cells and white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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