Hormone Action Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone type typically interacts with membrane-bound receptors?

Peptide hormones (correct)
Steroid hormones
Amino acid derivatives
Iodothyronines

Steroid hormones primarily generate second messengers upon receptor interaction.

False (B)

What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

To maintain internal balance or homeostasis.

Hormones that interact with intracellular receptors primarily regulate __________.

gene expression Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hormone types with their characteristics:

Peptide hormones = Do not enter target cells, generate second messengers Steroid hormones = Enter target cells, interact with intracellular receptors Iodothyronines = Regulate metabolism and development Amino acid derivatives = Vary in function based on specific amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sensitivity and responsiveness of hormone receptors?

The number of receptors and their affinity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Thyroxine binds to membrane-bound receptors to exert its effects.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Homeostasis

Hormones help maintain a stable internal environment, keeping the body in a state of balance.

Receptors

Hormones bind to specific receptors on cells, like a key fitting into a lock.

Receptor Affinity

The strength of a hormone's effect depends on the number of receptors and how strongly they bind to the hormone.

Membrane-Bound Receptors

Hormones that bind to receptors on the cell surface, like protein hormones, don't enter the cell directly.

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Intracellular Receptors

Hormones that enter the cell, like steroid hormones, bind to receptors inside the cell.

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Second Messengers

Hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors often trigger the production of second messengers that regulate cellular processes.

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Gene Expression Regulation

Hormones that bind to intracellular receptors often regulate gene expression, influencing the activities of the cells.

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Study Notes

Hormone Action Overview

Hormones maintain internal balance (homeostasis) in the human body.
Hormone receptors are specific to each hormone.
Receptor sensitivity depends on both receptor number and affinity.
Receptor locations include cell membrane surfaces (e.g., protein/peptide hormones, catecholamines), cytoplasm (e.g., steroid hormones), or the nucleus (e.g., thyroxine).
Hormones categorize into: peptides/polypeptides/proteins, steroids, iodothyronines (thyroid hormone), and amino acid derivatives.

Hormone Receptor Interaction

Membrane-bound receptor hormones don't enter cells; they trigger secondary messengers to control cellular processes.
Intracellular receptor hormones primarily regulate gene expression and chromosomal function through hormone-receptor complexes interacting with the genome.
All biochemical actions lead to physiological and developmental outcomes.