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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a confounding disease that should be excluded when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT considered a confounding disease that should be excluded when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential training error that should be accounted for when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential training error that should be accounted for when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a potential confounding psychological or social factor when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a potential confounding psychological or social factor when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT considered a baseline value that should be measured and compared when conducting an exercise test for non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT considered a baseline value that should be measured and compared when conducting an exercise test for non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a methodological prerequisite for studies of markers for non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a methodological prerequisite for studies of markers for non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a potential environmental stressor that should be accounted for when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential environmental stressor that should be accounted for when studying non-functional overreaching or overtraining syndrome?
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What is the primary way to reduce the risk of response distortion in psychological questionnaires administered to athletes?
What is the primary way to reduce the risk of response distortion in psychological questionnaires administered to athletes?
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Which POMS subscale is particularly sensitive to the stress of impending major competitions?
Which POMS subscale is particularly sensitive to the stress of impending major competitions?
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What is the primary reason that sport-specific psychological measures are preferred over general measures like the POMS?
What is the primary reason that sport-specific psychological measures are preferred over general measures like the POMS?
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Which POMS subscale is least responsive to changes in training load?
Which POMS subscale is least responsive to changes in training load?
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What is the primary purpose of carefully explaining the rationale for using psychological assessments with athletes?
What is the primary purpose of carefully explaining the rationale for using psychological assessments with athletes?
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What is the primary concern regarding the use of the POMS in sport psychology research?
What is the primary concern regarding the use of the POMS in sport psychology research?
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What is the purpose of using a multiple-exercise test with two consecutive maximal exercise bouts?
What is the purpose of using a multiple-exercise test with two consecutive maximal exercise bouts?
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Which hormones were observed to increase during the two-exercise bout protocol?
Which hormones were observed to increase during the two-exercise bout protocol?
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What does the two-exercise bout protocol indirectly measure?
What does the two-exercise bout protocol indirectly measure?
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How does the hormonal output after the second exercise test differ based on the athlete's training status?
How does the hormonal output after the second exercise test differ based on the athlete's training status?
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What is the main advantage of using the two-exercise bout protocol?
What is the main advantage of using the two-exercise bout protocol?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the two-exercise bout protocol?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the two-exercise bout protocol?
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What did Kenttä, Hassmén, and Raglin create a POMS energy index measure for?
What did Kenttä, Hassmén, and Raglin create a POMS energy index measure for?
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How did the authors find POMS energy index scores to be responsive?
How did the authors find POMS energy index scores to be responsive?
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Which questionnaire is mentioned as encompassing 19 separate factors for assessing overtraining and recovery in endurance athletes?
Which questionnaire is mentioned as encompassing 19 separate factors for assessing overtraining and recovery in endurance athletes?
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What advantage does monitoring stress and recovery levels provide?
What advantage does monitoring stress and recovery levels provide?
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Why is the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) considered advantageous?
Why is the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) considered advantageous?
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What concern has been expressed by other researchers regarding the factor structure of RESTQ-Sport?
What concern has been expressed by other researchers regarding the factor structure of RESTQ-Sport?
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What is the main difficulty in recognizing and conducting research on Overtraining Syndrome (OTS)?
What is the main difficulty in recognizing and conducting research on Overtraining Syndrome (OTS)?
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What condition do many studies claim to have induced, rather than OTS?
What condition do many studies claim to have induced, rather than OTS?
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What could be the reason for the difficulty in examining the mechanism of OTS in detail?
What could be the reason for the difficulty in examining the mechanism of OTS in detail?
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What approach might shed light on the possible mechanisms of OTS, according to the text?
What approach might shed light on the possible mechanisms of OTS, according to the text?
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What is considered of utmost importance until a definite diagnostic tool for OTS is available?
What is considered of utmost importance until a definite diagnostic tool for OTS is available?
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Which of the following systems are mentioned as potentially interacting and contributing to the development of OTS?
Which of the following systems are mentioned as potentially interacting and contributing to the development of OTS?
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Study Notes
Reducing Response Distortion in Research
- Including trained researchers and providing clear confidentiality assurances can reduce response distortion in athlete surveys
- Carefully explaining the rationale of psychological assessments and emphasizing no right or wrong answers can also help
Limitations of POMS
- POMS mood subscales are not uniformly sensitive to training load changes
- Some factors, like confusion, barely change with increased training load, while others, like tension, are sensitive to non-training related stressors
- POMS was designed for general use, not specific to sports, which may limit its sensitivity and specificity for athletes
Sport-Specific Measures
- Hundreds of sport-specific measures have been developed for personality, motivation, and mood
- These measures can provide greater sensitivity and specificity for assessing athletes in the unique environment of sports
Exercise and Hormonal Responses
- Hormonal responses during exercise influence those during exercise recovery
- Studying both phases of exercise is important for detecting signs of OTS and distinguishing from normal training responses
Multiple-Exercise Test
- A multiple-exercise test can assess recovery capacity and ability to perform a second bout of exercise
- This test can be used to detect signs of OTS and distinguish from normal training responses
POMS Energy Index
- The POMS energy index measures mood state following training and recovery
- It can be a useful tool to reduce NFOR during intense training cycles
Recovery-Stress Questionnaire
- The Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) assesses overtraining and recovery responses in endurance athletes
- Monitoring stress and recovery levels can help detect problems before symptoms of OTS appear
Exclusion Criteria for OTS Research
- Confounding diseases, training errors, and other factors must be excluded when studying OTS
- Examples of exclusion criteria include anemia, Epstein-Barr virus, muscle damage, endocrinological diseases, and psychological signs and symptoms
Methodological Prerequisites for OTS Research
- Studies should include a sufficient number of well-trained subjects and baseline values for comparison
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria should be clearly defined and adhered to
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Description
Learn about the influence of hormonal responses during exercise on exercise recovery, and the importance of studying both phases of exercise. Explore a multiple-exercise test that measures the recovery capacity and ability to perform subsequent bouts of exercise.
