Week 2 TI

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Questions and Answers

Which physiological systems are primarily targeted by aerobic exercise?

Cardiovascular and respiratory systems (correct)
Endocrine and digestive systems
Integumentary and lymphatic systems
Neuromuscular and skeletal systems

What is the main outcome of the adaptations that result from anaerobic exercise?

Enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues
Improved cardiovascular endurance
Increased strength, power, and muscle mass (correct)
Increased flexibility and range of motion

Hormonal responses to exercise are crucial for what main functions in the body?

Regulating metabolism, promoting tissue growth and repair (correct)
Controlling motor skills and sensory perception
Maintaining bone density and joint lubrication
Regulating body temperature and fluid balance

What factors determine the specific adaptations to exercise?

Type, intensity, and duration of training, as well as individual factors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of the specificity theory of pain?

It does not account for central pain pathways. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the gate control theory, what role does the substantia gelatinosa (SG) play in pain modulation?

Inhibits T cells, reducing pain. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In gate control theory, increasing input from large-diameter fibers is thought to do what?

Close the 'gate,' reducing pain perception (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the gate control theory has NOT been consistently supported by evidence?

The mechanism of presynaptic inhibition as the primary means of pain modulation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is gradual progression so important when designing a resistance training program for youth?

Youth skeletons, especially growth cartilage, are vulnerable to trauma and overuse. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following explains why strength gains in pre-adolescents are primarily due to neural factors?

The nervous system adapts more readily than the muscular system in pre-adolescents. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should a trainer consider when prescribing resistance training to youth in hot and humid environments?

Youth have immature systems, so the trainer should avoid sustained heavy exercise. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are boys able to gain strength faster than girls during puberty?

Boys experience hormonal changes that accelerate strength gains. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A youth athlete is experiencing a growth spurt. How should their resistance training program be modified?

Reduce the load and focus on proper form and technique. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What advice should be provided to parents interested in enrolling their child in a resistance training program?

The training volume and intensity should gradually increase over time. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 10-year-old begins a resistance training program. What adaptation would you expect to contribute most to their initial strength gains?

Neural adaptations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate guideline for increasing the load in a resistance training program for youth?

Increase loads by 5-10% when proper form is maintained. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a core component of the Neuromatrix Theory of pain?

A widespread network of neurons integrates inputs from the thalamus, cortex, and limbic system to create a 'neurosignature'. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Neuromatrix Theory expand upon the Gate Control Theory of pain?

By proposing a more complex and distributed network of brain regions involved in pain processing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports experiencing widespread, diffuse pain that has persisted for several months, even though medical imaging reveals no apparent tissue damage. Which type of pain is MOST likely?

Nociplastic pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nociceptors?

To detect potentially harmful stimuli, such as heat, cold, or chemical irritants. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes central sensitization?

An increased responsiveness of the central nervous system, leading to amplified pain experience. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Following a minor burn, a patient experiences a sharp, localized pain at the site of injury. Which type of pain are they MOST likely experiencing?

Nociceptive pain (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can modulate the 'neurosignature' according to the Neuromatrix Theory?

Sensory inputs and cognitive events (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient has chronic pain with no sign of tissue damage. How would you explain this based on the content provided?

Nociplastic pain is a possible type of pain where disturbances in the central nervous system can create pain without current tissue damage. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During submaximal activity, what is the primary adaptation observed in tidal volume?

Tidal volume increases to enhance oxygen uptake. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise impact stored ATP levels in muscles?

Stored ATP levels increase, providing more immediate energy for muscle contractions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation occurs in muscle fiber types as a result of exercise?

A positive shift toward Type I fibers for enhanced endurance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the size and number of mitochondria in muscle cells as an adaptation to exercise?

Mitochondria size and number both increase, improving energy production. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise impact the pennation angle of muscles?

Increases pennation angle. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity and levels within the body?

Increased sensitivity and reduced levels. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise affect glucagon levels in the body?

Glucagon levels increase. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of increased growth hormone secretion during exercise?

Enhanced integrity of muscles, bones, and connective tissues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important factor to emphasize when designing a resistance training program for youth?

Developing proper form and technique. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is consistent evaluation of technical performance by a trained observer important in a youth resistance training program?

To identify and correct improper form, reducing the risk of injury. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of resistance training, what is the recommended approach regarding equipment and modalities?

Employing a multiple-modality approach with free weights, machines, and associated equipment. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for designing a resistance training program for older adults, keeping in mind that physiological aging does not occur uniformly?

Adjusting the program to accommodate individual differences in physiological response to exercise. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does proper feedback play in resistance training programs?

It helps to reinforce correct form, technique, and motivation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended progression in intensity and volume when starting a strength training program?

Progress from 1 set of 8-12 repetitions at 40%-50% 1RM to higher volumes and intensities, such as 3 sets at 60%-80% 1RM. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How should high-velocity power exercises be introduced into a strength training program?

They should be incorporated gradually after a foundation of basic strength has been established. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate set, repetition, and intensity range for high-velocity power exercises aiming to improve conditioning?

1-3 sets of 6-10 repetitions at 40%-60% 1RM (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does relative strength typically relate to body size?

Relative strength is strength relative to cross-sectional area. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What physiological factor explains increased joint flexibility during pregnancy?

Elevated levels of estrogen and relaxin. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome in response to stress?

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is 'cross education' in the context of unilateral strength training?

The strength increase in the untrained limb following unilateral training. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What descriptive aspects of pain are typically considered during its clinical evaluation?

Sensation, location, and quality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where srength incresaes in the untrained limb following unilateral resistance training?

Cross-Education (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic physiological adaptation to aerobic exercise training?

Increase in stored creatine phosphate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average increase in muscular strength for untrained individuals after strength training?

40% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gradual Progression

Increasing exercise intensity and volume slowly as fitness improves.

Proper Nutrition

Adequate protein intake is essential for muscle growth and health.